Question 1

Which of the following processes only occurs in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA,tRNA,and rRNA are transcribed. 
B) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. 
C) A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA,and a cap is added to the 5' end. 
D) Transcription can begin as soon as translation has assembled the first few amino acids in the polypeptide. 
A) mRNA,tRNA,and rRNA are transcribed. 
B) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. 
C) A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA,and a cap is added to the 5' end. 
D) Transcription can begin as soon as translation has assembled the first few amino acids in the polypeptide. C

Question 2

Which of the following descriptions of nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

Accepted Answer

A) a triplet separated spatially from other triplets 
B) a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid 
C) a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid 
D) a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG 
A) a triplet separated spatially from other triplets 
B) a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid 
C) a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid 
D) a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG D

Question 3

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

A) GTP 
B) DNA 
C) tRNA 
D) ribosomes 
A) GTP 
B) DNA 
C) tRNA 
D) ribosomes B

Question 4

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to speed up mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) lengthening of the poly-A tail 
B) removal of the 5' cap 
C) removal of C nucleotides 
D) removal of one or more exons 
A) lengthening of the poly-A tail 
B) removal of the 5' cap 
C) removal of C nucleotides 
D) removal of one or more exons

Question 5

Which of the following statements describes one of the functions of GTP in translation?

Accepted Answer

A) GTP provides the energy for the formation of the initiation complex,using initiation factors. 
B) GTP is hydrolyzed to provide phosphate groups for tRNA binding. 
C) GTP is hydrolyzed to provide energy for breaking peptide bonds. 
D) GTP supplies phosphates and energy to make ATP from ADP. 
A) GTP provides the energy for the formation of the initiation complex,using initiation factors. 
B) GTP is hydrolyzed to provide phosphate groups for tRNA binding. 
C) GTP is hydrolyzed to provide energy for breaking peptide bonds. 
D) GTP supplies phosphates and energy to make ATP from ADP.

Question 6

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA.The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is

Accepted Answer

A) TTT. 
B) UUA. 
C) UUU. 
D) AAA. 
A) TTT. 
B) UUA. 
C) UUU. 
D) AAA.

Question 7

Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the question.E1-4 refer to the exons,and I1-3 refer to the introns in the pre-mRNA transcript.
5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3'
Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A) 5' UTR I1 I2 I3 UTR 3' 
B) 5' E1 E2 E3 E4 3' 
C) 5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3' 
D) 5' I1 I2 I3 3' 
A) 5' UTR I1 I2 I3 UTR 3' 
B) 5' E1 E2 E3 E4 3' 
C) 5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3' 
D) 5' I1 I2 I3 3'

Question 8

In what way could a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the function of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A) It might result in a chromosomal translocation. 
B) It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon. 
C) It might exchange one serine codon for a different serine codon. 
D) It might substitute a different amino acid in the protein,which could change its function. 
A) It might result in a chromosomal translocation. 
B) It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon. 
C) It might exchange one serine codon for a different serine codon. 
D) It might substitute a different amino acid in the protein,which could change its function.

Question 9

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5'-CCG-ACG-3' (mRNA).The charged transfer RNA molecules shown in the figure below (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction)are available.Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form.   The dipeptide that will form will be

Accepted Answer

A) cysteine-alanine. 
B) proline-threonine. 
C) glycine-cysteine. 
D) alanine-alanine. 
A) cysteine-alanine. 
B) proline-threonine. 
C) glycine-cysteine. 
D) alanine-alanine.

Question 10

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Accepted Answer

A) a duplication of all or most introns 
B) a nucleotide substitution in an exon coding for a transmembrane protein 
C) a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site of a protein 
D) a frameshift mutation one codon away from the 3' end of the nontemplate strand 
A) a duplication of all or most introns 
B) a nucleotide substitution in an exon coding for a transmembrane protein 
C) a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site of a protein 
D) a frameshift mutation one codon away from the 3' end of the nontemplate strand

Question 11

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon.What is the most likely result of this mutation in the protein product?

Accepted Answer

A) a base-pair substitution 
B) a nucleotide mismatch 
C) a frameshift mutation 
D) a polypeptide missing an amino acid 
A) a base-pair substitution 
B) a nucleotide mismatch 
C) a frameshift mutation 
D) a polypeptide missing an amino acid

Question 12

Which of the following types of mutations could result in a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) a base insertion only 
B) a base deletion only 
C) a base substitution only 
D) either an insertion or a deletion of a base 
A) a base insertion only 
B) a base deletion only 
C) a base substitution only 
D) either an insertion or a deletion of a base

Question 13

A transfer RNA (#1)attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome.The lysine binds to the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA (#2)already in the ribosome.Which component of the complex described enters the exit tunnel through the large subunit of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A) tRNA with attached lysine (#1) 
B) tRNA with polypeptide (#2) 
C) tRNA that no longer has attached amino acid 
D) newly formed polypeptide 
A) tRNA with attached lysine (#1) 
B) tRNA with polypeptide (#2) 
C) tRNA that no longer has attached amino acid 
D) newly formed polypeptide

Question 14

During transcription of the DNA in the figure above,where would the promoter be located?

Accepted Answer

A) at the 3' end of the newly made RNA 
B) to the right of the template strand 
C) to the left of the template strand 
D) to the right of the coding strand 
A) at the 3' end of the newly made RNA 
B) to the right of the template strand 
C) to the left of the template strand 
D) to the right of the coding strand

Question 15

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5'-CCG-ACG-3' (mRNA).The charged transfer RNA molecules shown in the figure below (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction)are available.Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form.   The anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement this mRNA is

Accepted Answer

A) 3'-GGC-5'. 
B) 5'-GGC-3'. 
C) 5'-ACG-3'. 
D) 5'-UGC-3'. 
A) 3'-GGC-5'. 
B) 5'-GGC-3'. 
C) 5'-ACG-3'. 
D) 5'-UGC-3'.

Question 16

-Examine the table of codons in the figure above.What amino acid sequence will be produced based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
5'-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3'

Accepted Answer

A) met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg 
B) met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu 
C) met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser 
D) met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu 
A) met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg 
B) met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu 
C) met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser 
D) met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor. 
B) It sets the reading frame of the mRNA. 
C) It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding. 
D) It signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene. 
A) It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor. 
B) It sets the reading frame of the mRNA. 
C) It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding. 
D) It signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene.

Question 18

What is a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate 
B) an RNA with enzymatic activity 
C) an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits 
D) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process 
A) an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate 
B) an RNA with enzymatic activity 
C) an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits 
D) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process

Question 19

Suppose that an error in transcription alters the formation of a single tRNA molecule in a cell.The altered tRNA still attaches to the same amino acid (Phe),but its anticodon loop has the sequence AAU,which binds to the mRNA codon UUA (usually specifying the amino acid leucine,Leu).What will be the effect on the translation of polypeptides in this cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The altered tRNA will cause this mRNA to make only nonfunctioning product. 
B) The tRNA-Leu will not be able to enter the ribosome to bind to the UUA codon. 
C) One altered tRNA molecule will have little effect because it will compete with many "normal" ones. 
D) The altered tRNA will result in an amino acid variant in all copies of the protein. 
A) The altered tRNA will cause this mRNA to make only nonfunctioning product. 
B) The tRNA-Leu will not be able to enter the ribosome to bind to the UUA codon. 
C) One altered tRNA molecule will have little effect because it will compete with many "normal" ones. 
D) The altered tRNA will result in an amino acid variant in all copies of the protein.

Question 20

Which of the following statements correctly compares transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes have at least three types of RNA polymerases,whereas eukaryotes only have one. 
B) Bacteria have one type of RNA polymerase,whereas eukaryotes have at least three. 
C) RNA polymerase in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes produce the same RNA molecules. 
D) Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes recognize a polyadenylation signal in order to terminate transcription. 
A) Prokaryotes have at least three types of RNA polymerases,whereas eukaryotes only have one. 
B) Bacteria have one type of RNA polymerase,whereas eukaryotes have at least three. 
C) RNA polymerase in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes produce the same RNA molecules. 
D) Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes recognize a polyadenylation signal in order to terminate transcription.

Exam 14: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following processes only occurs in eukaryotic gene expression?

Which of the following descriptions of nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to speed up mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Which of the following statements describes one of the functions of GTP in translation?

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA.The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is

Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the question.E1-4 refer to the exons,and I1-3 refer to the introns in the pre-mRNA transcript. 5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3' Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?

In what way could a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the function of a protein?

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon.What is the most likely result of this mutation in the protein product?

Which of the following types of mutations could result in a frameshift mutation?

A transfer RNA (#1)attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome.The lysine binds to the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA (#2)already in the ribosome.Which component of the complex described enters the exit tunnel through the large subunit of the ribosome?

During transcription of the DNA in the figure above,where would the promoter be located?

-Examine the table of codons in the figure above.What amino acid sequence will be produced based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5'-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3'

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

What is a ribozyme?

Which of the following statements correctly compares transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the question.E_1-4 refer to the exons,and I_1-3 refer to the introns in the pre-mRNA transcript. 5' UTR E₁I₁ E₂ I₂E₃I₃E₄ UTR 3' Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?