Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding lipids is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They generally contain nitrogen. 
B) They are made from glycerol and amino acids. 
C) A gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate. 
D) They are insoluble in water. 
A) They generally contain nitrogen. 
B) They are made from glycerol and amino acids. 
C) A gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate. 
D) They are insoluble in water. D

Question 2

Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophobic interactions 
B) ionic bonds 
C) hydrogen bonds 
D) peptide bonds 
E) covalent bonds 
A) hydrophobic interactions 
B) ionic bonds 
C) hydrogen bonds 
D) peptide bonds 
E) covalent bonds C

Question 3

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A) peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids 
B) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond 
C) disulfide bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid 
D) hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid 
A) peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids 
B) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond 
C) disulfide bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid 
D) hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid B

Question 4

A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic.Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Accepted Answer

A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate 
A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate

Question 5

Which functional group can act as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) amino 
B) phosphate 
C) hydroxyl 
D) carboxyl 
E) methyl 
A) amino 
B) phosphate 
C) hydroxyl 
D) carboxyl 
E) methyl

Question 6

Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides.Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids.DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.
Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

Accepted Answer

A) polysaccharides 
B) proteins 
C) DNA 
D) RNA 
A) polysaccharides 
B) proteins 
C) DNA 
D) RNA

Question 7

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers,and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers. 
B) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers,and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. 
C) Dehydration reactions create monomers,and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers. 
D) Dehydration reactions break down polymers,and hydrolysis reactions create monomers. 
A) Dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers,and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers. 
B) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers,and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. 
C) Dehydration reactions create monomers,and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers. 
D) Dehydration reactions break down polymers,and hydrolysis reactions create monomers.

Question 8

Dehydration reactions are responsible for the formation of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) triacylglycerols 
B) monosaccharides 
C) amino acids 
D) fatty acids 
A) triacylglycerols 
B) monosaccharides 
C) amino acids 
D) fatty acids

Question 9

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Accepted Answer

A) is a six-carbon sugar,and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B) is a five-carbon sugar,and the sugar in RNA is a six-carbon sugar. 
C) is in the α configuration,and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
D) contains one less oxygen atom than the sugar in RNA. 
A) is a six-carbon sugar,and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B) is a five-carbon sugar,and the sugar in RNA is a six-carbon sugar. 
C) is in the α configuration,and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
D) contains one less oxygen atom than the sugar in RNA.

Question 10

Figure 3.9
-The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) polysaccharide. 
B) saturated fatty acid. 
C) triacylglycerol. 
D) unsaturated fatty acid. 
A) polysaccharide. 
B) saturated fatty acid. 
C) triacylglycerol. 
D) unsaturated fatty acid.

Question 11

Figure 3.4
-Which two functional groups shown in Figure 3.4 are present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) A and D 
C) B and D 
D) C and D 
E) C and E 
A) A and B 
B) A and D 
C) B and D 
D) C and D 
E) C and E

Question 12

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is most likely a

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acid. 
B) carbohydrate. 
C) hydrocarbon. 
D) polysaccharide. 
A) fatty acid. 
B) carbohydrate. 
C) hydrocarbon. 
D) polysaccharide.

Question 13

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A) the addition of a water molecule. 
B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C) the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D) the release of a water molecule. 
A) the addition of a water molecule. 
B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C) the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D) the release of a water molecule.

Question 14

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA only 
B) RNA only 
C) either DNA or RNA 
D) neither DNA nor RNA 
A) DNA only 
B) RNA only 
C) either DNA or RNA 
D) neither DNA nor RNA

Question 15

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the pH 
B) hydrolysis reactions 
C) dehydration reactions 
D) the formation of ionic bonds between monomers 
A) decreasing the pH 
B) hydrolysis reactions 
C) dehydration reactions 
D) the formation of ionic bonds between monomers

Question 16

A nucleotide is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. 
B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar. 
C) a nitrogenous base,a phosphate group,and a pentose sugar. 
D) a nitrogenous base,a phosphate group,a pentose sugar,and an amino acid. 
A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. 
B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar. 
C) a nitrogenous base,a phosphate group,and a pentose sugar. 
D) a nitrogenous base,a phosphate group,a pentose sugar,and an amino acid.

Question 17

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3',the other complementary strand would have the sequence

Accepted Answer

A) 5-'TAACGT-3'. 
B) 5'-TGCAAT-3'. 
C) 5'-UAACGU-3'. 
D) 3'-UAACGU-5'. 
A) 5-'TAACGT-3'. 
B) 5'-TGCAAT-3'. 
C) 5'-UAACGU-3'. 
D) 3'-UAACGU-5'.

Question 18

Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form.Which of the following macromolecules can be broken down by amylase?

Accepted Answer

A) starch 
B) cellulose 
C) chitin 
D) starch and chitin 
A) starch 
B) cellulose 
C) chitin 
D) starch and chitin

Question 19

What structural feature makes the 20 common amino acids different from one another?

Accepted Answer

A) different side chains (R groups)attached to the carboxyl carbon 
B) different side chains (R groups)attached to the amino groups 
C) different side chains (R groups)attached to an α carbon 
D) different asymmetric carbons 
A) different side chains (R groups)attached to the carboxyl carbon 
B) different side chains (R groups)attached to the amino groups 
C) different side chains (R groups)attached to an α carbon 
D) different asymmetric carbons

Question 20

Figure 3.12
-Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which of the following statements regarding lipids is true?

Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic.Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Which functional group can act as a base?

Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides.Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids.DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Dehydration reactions are responsible for the formation of which of the following?

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Figure 3.9 -The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n)

Figure 3.4 -Which two functional groups shown in Figure 3.4 are present in all amino acids?

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is most likely a

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

A nucleotide is composed of

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3',the other complementary strand would have the sequence

Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form.Which of the following macromolecules can be broken down by amylase?

What structural feature makes the 20 common amino acids different from one another?

Figure 3.12 -Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

A molecule with the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₂ is most likely a