Question 1

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A) root cap 
B) root hairs 
C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem 
D) storage roots 
E) sections of the root that have secondary xylem 
A) root cap 
B) root hairs 
C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem 
D) storage roots 
E) sections of the root that have secondary xylem B

Question 2

The shoot elongation in a growing bud is due to

Accepted Answer

A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C) cell division localized in each internode. 
D) cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C) cell division localized in each internode. 
D) cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. D

Question 3

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many tightly packed cells with relatively thick cell walls.The cells have no nucleus and are dead.What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

A) parenchyma 
B) xylem rays 
C) endodermis 
D) collenchyma 
E) sclerenchyma 
A) parenchyma 
B) xylem rays 
C) endodermis 
D) collenchyma 
E) sclerenchyma E

Question 4

More than a quarter of the dry wood mass contributed by ________,a strengthening polymer,comes from the cell walls of ________ tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose;parenchyma 
B) lignin;collenchyma 
C) lignin;sclerenchyma 
D) cellulose;sclerenchyma 
E) suberin;parenchyma 
A) cellulose;parenchyma 
B) lignin;collenchyma 
C) lignin;sclerenchyma 
D) cellulose;sclerenchyma 
E) suberin;parenchyma

Question 5

The location and function of lenticels in woody plants are ________ and ________,respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) periderm;gas exchange 
B) endodermis;gas exchange 
C) cortex;photosynthesis 
D) cortex;storage 
E) pericycle;photosynthesis 
A) periderm;gas exchange 
B) endodermis;gas exchange 
C) cortex;photosynthesis 
D) cortex;storage 
E) pericycle;photosynthesis

Question 6

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

A) endodermis 
B) phloem 
C) cortex 
D) epidermis 
E) pericycle 
A) endodermis 
B) phloem 
C) cortex 
D) epidermis 
E) pericycle

Question 7

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

Accepted Answer

A) bark. 
B) periderm. 
C) secondary xylem. 
D) secondary phloem. 
E) cork. 
A) bark. 
B) periderm. 
C) secondary xylem. 
D) secondary phloem. 
E) cork.

Question 8

A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented in Figure 28.2 by

Accepted Answer

A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only.

Question 9

Root hairs originate from which of the following parts of the root?

Accepted Answer

A) cortex 
B) endodermis 
C) epidermis 
D) pericycle 
E) periderm 
A) cortex 
B) endodermis 
C) epidermis 
D) pericycle 
E) periderm

Question 10

Which tissue is responsible for plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A) parenchyma 
B) vascular tissue 
C) meristem 
D) collenchyma 
E) sclerenchyma 
A) parenchyma 
B) vascular tissue 
C) meristem 
D) collenchyma 
E) sclerenchyma

Question 11

Secondary growth in eudicot stems and roots is caused by the

Accepted Answer

A) apical meristem. 
B) axillary bud. 
C) lateral meristem. 
D) secondary xylem. 
E) secondary phloem. 
A) apical meristem. 
B) axillary bud. 
C) lateral meristem. 
D) secondary xylem. 
E) secondary phloem.

Question 12

Which of the following environmental factors plays a critical role in plant photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 and O2 
B) O2 and light 
C) O2 and chlorophyll in mesophyll 
D) light and CO2 
E) light,chlorophyll,and CO2 
A) CO2 and O2 
B) O2 and light 
C) O2 and chlorophyll in mesophyll 
D) light and CO2 
E) light,chlorophyll,and CO2

Question 13

The dominant type of tissue that makes up most of the wood of a tree is

Accepted Answer

A) primary xylem. 
B) secondary xylem. 
C) secondary phloem. 
D) mesophyll cells. 
E) vascular cambium. 
A) primary xylem. 
B) secondary xylem. 
C) secondary phloem. 
D) mesophyll cells. 
E) vascular cambium.

Question 14

The cork cambium replaces which of the following tissues during the plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A) epidermis 
B) primary xylem 
C) primary phloem 
D) vascular cambium 
E) endodermis 
A) epidermis 
B) primary xylem 
C) primary phloem 
D) vascular cambium 
E) endodermis

Question 15

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

Accepted Answer

A) only leaves have phloem,and only roots have xylem. 
B) root cells have cell walls,and leaf cells do not. 
C) leaves have mesophyll tissue,but roots do not. 
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E) leaves have epidermal tissue,but roots do not. 
A) only leaves have phloem,and only roots have xylem. 
B) root cells have cell walls,and leaf cells do not. 
C) leaves have mesophyll tissue,but roots do not. 
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E) leaves have epidermal tissue,but roots do not.

Question 16

The strength and hardness of wood are due to

Accepted Answer

A) secondary growth. 
B) highly lignified walls of secondary phloem. 
C) highly lignified walls of xylem. 
D) annual rings. 
E) tracheids. 
A) secondary growth. 
B) highly lignified walls of secondary phloem. 
C) highly lignified walls of xylem. 
D) annual rings. 
E) tracheids.

Question 17

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree,when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward,you would cross,in order,

Accepted Answer

A) the annual rings,new xylem,vascular cambium,phloem,and bark. 
B) the secondary xylem,cork cambium,phloem,and periderm. 
C) the vascular cambium,oldest xylem,and newest xylem. 
D) the secondary xylem,secondary phloem,and vascular cambium. 
E) the summer wood,bark,and phloem. 
A) the annual rings,new xylem,vascular cambium,phloem,and bark. 
B) the secondary xylem,cork cambium,phloem,and periderm. 
C) the vascular cambium,oldest xylem,and newest xylem. 
D) the secondary xylem,secondary phloem,and vascular cambium. 
E) the summer wood,bark,and phloem.

Question 18

As a youngster,you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall.The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground.Fifteen years later,you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters.About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 
B) 1.5 
C) 3.0 
D) 15.0 
E) 28.5 
A) 0.5 
B) 1.5 
C) 3.0 
D) 15.0 
E) 28.5

Question 19

Compared to most animals,the growth of most plants is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) perennial. 
B) weedy. 
C) indeterminate. 
D) derivative. 
E) primary. 
A) perennial. 
B) weedy. 
C) indeterminate. 
D) derivative. 
E) primary.

Question 20

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root.
i.root cap
ii.zone of elongation
iii.zone of cell division
iv.zone of cell differentiation
v.apical meristem
Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

Accepted Answer

A) i,ii,v,iii,iv 
B) iii,v,i,ii,iv 
C) ii,iv,i,v,iii 
D) iv,ii,iii,i,v 
E) i,v,iii,ii,iv 
A) i,ii,v,iii,iv 
B) iii,v,i,ii,iv 
C) ii,iv,i,v,iii 
D) iv,ii,iii,i,v 
E) i,v,iii,ii,iv

Exam 28: Plant Structure and Growth

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

The shoot elongation in a growing bud is due to

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many tightly packed cells with relatively thick cell walls.The cells have no nucleus and are dead.What type of cells are they?

More than a quarter of the dry wood mass contributed by ________,a strengthening polymer,comes from the cell walls of ________ tissue.

The location and function of lenticels in woody plants are ________ and ________,respectively.

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented in Figure 28.2 by

Root hairs originate from which of the following parts of the root?

Which tissue is responsible for plant growth?

Secondary growth in eudicot stems and roots is caused by the

Which of the following environmental factors plays a critical role in plant photosynthesis?

The dominant type of tissue that makes up most of the wood of a tree is

The cork cambium replaces which of the following tissues during the plant growth?

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

The strength and hardness of wood are due to

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree,when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward,you would cross,in order,

As a youngster,you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall.The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground.Fifteen years later,you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters.About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Compared to most animals,the growth of most plants is best described as

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root. i.root cap ii.zone of elongation iii.zone of cell division iv.zone of cell differentiation v.apical meristem Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

More than a quarter of the dry wood mass contributed by ,a strengthening polymer,comes from the cell walls of tissue.

The location and function of lenticels in woody plants are and ,respectively.