Question 1

What does the Nernst equation allow us to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Predict the function of a specific type of neuron. 
B) Calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion. 
C) Use a computer program to model axonal transmission. 
D) Calculate the magnitude of depolarization during an action potential. 
A) Predict the function of a specific type of neuron. 
B) Calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion. 
C) Use a computer program to model axonal transmission. 
D) Calculate the magnitude of depolarization during an action potential. B

Question 2

What is the likely impact of this toxin on action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A) They will occur more frequently. 
B) They will be stronger and more unpredictable. 
C) Without ion gradients, action potentials are not possible. 
D) They will have longer refractory periods. 
A) They will occur more frequently. 
B) They will be stronger and more unpredictable. 
C) Without ion gradients, action potentials are not possible. 
D) They will have longer refractory periods. C

Question 3

You dissect the brain of a mutant mouse and find that parts of the "white matter" look gray.What is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) defects in myelination 
B) peripheral nerve damage 
C) oversized dendrites 
D) excess myelination 
A) defects in myelination 
B) peripheral nerve damage 
C) oversized dendrites 
D) excess myelination A

Question 4

In vertebrates, the ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral 
B) central 
C) somatic 
D) autonomic 
A) peripheral 
B) central 
C) somatic 
D) autonomic

Question 5

Which diagram correctly illustrates the distribution of ions in a resting neuron? (Note: A larger symbol indicates a higher concentration of that ion.)

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 6

Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus 
B) forebrain 
C) midbrain 
D) hindbrain 
A) thalamus 
B) forebrain 
C) midbrain 
D) hindbrain

Question 7

Which division of the nervous system regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Accepted Answer

A) antagonistic nervous system 
B) autonomic nervous system 
C) sympathetic nervous system 
D) parasympathetic nervous system 
A) antagonistic nervous system 
B) autonomic nervous system 
C) sympathetic nervous system 
D) parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

What limits the frequency of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A) chloride ions 
B) spike amplitude 
C) nodes of Ranvier 
D) refractory period 
A) chloride ions 
B) spike amplitude 
C) nodes of Ranvier 
D) refractory period

Question 9

Three-quarters of the substantial amount of energy consumed by the brain is used to run a single molecular machine that maintains the resting potential of neurons.What is this machine called?

Accepted Answer

A) K+ leak channel 
B) sodium-potassium pump 
C) acetylcholine receptor 
D) voltage-gated sodium channel 
A) K+ leak channel 
B) sodium-potassium pump 
C) acetylcholine receptor 
D) voltage-gated sodium channel

Question 10

Subsequent to motor neuron degeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, muscles begin to weaken and degenerate as well.What is the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) Muscles will atrophy if they don't receive regular stimulation from motor neurons. 
B) Muscles require healthy Schwann cells for myelination as well. 
C) Muscles contain large numbers of mitochondria. 
D) Toxins leak out from the dying motor neurons onto the muscles. 
A) Muscles will atrophy if they don't receive regular stimulation from motor neurons. 
B) Muscles require healthy Schwann cells for myelination as well. 
C) Muscles contain large numbers of mitochondria. 
D) Toxins leak out from the dying motor neurons onto the muscles.

Question 11

What branched structure allows a neuron to take in information from more than one source?

Accepted Answer

A) node of Ranvier 
B) axon 
C) myelin 
D) dendrite 
A) node of Ranvier 
B) axon 
C) myelin 
D) dendrite

Question 12

What is the likely impact of this toxin on the resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) The resting potential will require more energy to maintain. 
B) The resting potential will be more negative. 
C) It will destroy the ion gradients necessary for the resting potential. 
D) The resting potential will promote action potentials with a larger depolarization. 
A) The resting potential will require more energy to maintain. 
B) The resting potential will be more negative. 
C) It will destroy the ion gradients necessary for the resting potential. 
D) The resting potential will promote action potentials with a larger depolarization.

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is released from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) GABA 
C) ephinephrine 
D) dopamine 
A) acetylcholine 
B) GABA 
C) ephinephrine 
D) dopamine

Question 14

You are studying a gene which, when mutant, causes oligodendrocytes to enwrap shorter sections of axon, so that nodes of Ranvier are more closely spaced.What is the likely effect on nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

A) They will travel faster. 
B) They will travel slower. 
C) They will increase in amplitude. 
D) They will decrease in amplitude. 
A) They will travel faster. 
B) They will travel slower. 
C) They will increase in amplitude. 
D) They will decrease in amplitude.

Question 15

Which figure correctly illustrates the mechanism of action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 16

The hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus are the major components of the ______ system.

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic 
B) reflex 
C) parasympathetic 
D) limbic 
A) sympathetic 
B) reflex 
C) parasympathetic 
D) limbic

Question 17

Which region of the CNS listed below is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's and Wernicke's areas-language and speech 
B) Hypothalamus-regulates body temperature, appetite, and sleep 
C) Cerebellum-relay station for ascending and descending tracts 
D) Corpus callosum-connects the two brain hemispheres 
A) Broca's and Wernicke's areas-language and speech 
B) Hypothalamus-regulates body temperature, appetite, and sleep 
C) Cerebellum-relay station for ascending and descending tracts 
D) Corpus callosum-connects the two brain hemispheres

Question 18

Mutation of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene, which causes demyelination of peripheral neurons, is a more common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.In which cells is the PMP22 gene important for normal function?

Accepted Answer

A) Schwann cells 
B) preganglionic neurons 
C) postganglionic neurons 
D) oligodendrocytes 
A) Schwann cells 
B) preganglionic neurons 
C) postganglionic neurons 
D) oligodendrocytes

Question 19

What do the two sets of neurons damaged in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy comprise?

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral nervous system 
B) autonomic nervous system 
C) somatic nervous system 
D) parasympathetic nervous system 
A) peripheral nervous system 
B) autonomic nervous system 
C) somatic nervous system 
D) parasympathetic nervous system

Question 20

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the hindbrain?

Accepted Answer

A) pons 
B) medulla oblongata 
C) ascending tracts 
D) cerebellum 
A) pons 
B) medulla oblongata 
C) ascending tracts 
D) cerebellum

Exam 43: The Nervous System

What does the Nernst equation allow us to do?

What is the likely impact of this toxin on action potentials?

You dissect the brain of a mutant mouse and find that parts of the "white matter" look gray.What is a likely cause?

In vertebrates, the ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Which diagram correctly illustrates the distribution of ions in a resting neuron? (Note: A larger symbol indicates a higher concentration of that ion.)

Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?

Which division of the nervous system regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

What limits the frequency of action potentials?

Three-quarters of the substantial amount of energy consumed by the brain is used to run a single molecular machine that maintains the resting potential of neurons.What is this machine called?

Subsequent to motor neuron degeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, muscles begin to weaken and degenerate as well.What is the likely cause?

What branched structure allows a neuron to take in information from more than one source?

What is the likely impact of this toxin on the resting potential of a neuron?

Which neurotransmitter is released from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

You are studying a gene which, when mutant, causes oligodendrocytes to enwrap shorter sections of axon, so that nodes of Ranvier are more closely spaced.What is the likely effect on nerve impulses?

Which figure correctly illustrates the mechanism of action of the sodium-potassium pump?

The hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus are the major components of the ______ system.

Which region of the CNS listed below is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Mutation of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene, which causes demyelination of peripheral neurons, is a more common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.In which cells is the PMP22 gene important for normal function?

What do the two sets of neurons damaged in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy comprise?

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the hindbrain?

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