Question 1

A ____________ can contain DNA or RNA as its genetic material, but not both.

Accepted Answer

virus

Question 2

Tetracycline is effective against viruses because it disrupts the action of the viral ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

All of the following are diseases caused by viruses except

Accepted Answer

A) strep throat. 
B) AIDS. 
C) polio. 
D) small pox. 
A) strep throat. 
B) AIDS. 
C) polio. 
D) small pox. A

Question 4

What is the name for parasitic viral DNA that has been integrated into the chromosome of its bacterial host?

Accepted Answer

A) prophage 
B) prophase 
C) viroid 
D) virion 
A) prophage 
B) prophase 
C) viroid 
D) virion

Question 5

Which class of drugs would be effective against HIV but not against most other pathogenic viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleotide analogs that halt replication. 
B) Receptor antagonists that block viral entry. 
C) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that block reverse transcription. 
D) Translation inhibitors that stop assembly of viral proteins. 
A) Nucleotide analogs that halt replication. 
B) Receptor antagonists that block viral entry. 
C) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that block reverse transcription. 
D) Translation inhibitors that stop assembly of viral proteins.

Question 6

A doctor's office has run out of the latest flu vaccine, but many patients are asking for it.One of the nurses finds some vials from last year's batch in a refrigerator.Should they be used?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because the preservatives and refrigeration ensure that the vaccine is still fresh. 
B) No, because each year the technology to make a good vaccine improves. 
C) No, because each year the vaccine is made against different subtypes of the flu virus. 
D) Maybe - the vaccine should be mixed in a test tube with the virus to see if it still inactivates it. 
A) Yes, because the preservatives and refrigeration ensure that the vaccine is still fresh. 
B) No, because each year the technology to make a good vaccine improves. 
C) No, because each year the vaccine is made against different subtypes of the flu virus. 
D) Maybe - the vaccine should be mixed in a test tube with the virus to see if it still inactivates it.

Question 7

All of the following are part of phage conversion except

Accepted Answer

A) injection of phage gene into host. 
B) transcription and translation of phage gene. 
C) induction of phage. 
D) expression of phage gene by host. 
A) injection of phage gene into host. 
B) transcription and translation of phage gene. 
C) induction of phage. 
D) expression of phage gene by host.

Question 8

The onset of AIDS is often accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A) a steep drop in T cell numbers. 
B) macrophage infection. 
C) a positive HIV test. 
D) lung infections and other opportunistic infections. 
A) a steep drop in T cell numbers. 
B) macrophage infection. 
C) a positive HIV test. 
D) lung infections and other opportunistic infections.

Question 9

Scientists have demonstrated that the cholera bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, can exist as a rather harmless form or, by phage conversion, can exist as a disease-causing, virulent form.This conversion is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) the phage entering the cholera bacterium genome and causing the bacterium's cell to lyse. 
B) the phage introducing a gene into the bacterium's chromosome that codes for the cholera toxin that can cause death in humans. 
C) the phage altering the cell wall of the cholera bacterium that produces a toxin that can cause death in humans. 
D) the phage alters the host cell, which permits direct entry of the cholera bacterium into the host cell leading to death in humans. 
A) the phage entering the cholera bacterium genome and causing the bacterium's cell to lyse. 
B) the phage introducing a gene into the bacterium's chromosome that codes for the cholera toxin that can cause death in humans. 
C) the phage altering the cell wall of the cholera bacterium that produces a toxin that can cause death in humans. 
D) the phage alters the host cell, which permits direct entry of the cholera bacterium into the host cell leading to death in humans.

Question 10

A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme renders the protein non-functional.How would this affect-the HIV infection cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) The gp120 glycoprotein would not be able to bind the CCR5 receptor. 
B) Reverse transcription would not be possible. 
C) The viral DNA would not be able to integrate the viral genome into a chromosome. 
D) Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted. 
A) The gp120 glycoprotein would not be able to bind the CCR5 receptor. 
B) Reverse transcription would not be possible. 
C) The viral DNA would not be able to integrate the viral genome into a chromosome. 
D) Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted.

Question 11

Integrase inhibitors work by:

Accepted Answer

A) Agglutinating the reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B) Degrading the viral envelope 
C) Preventing the incorporation of the viral DNA into the genome 
D) Blocking the final viral assembly 
A) Agglutinating the reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B) Degrading the viral envelope 
C) Preventing the incorporation of the viral DNA into the genome 
D) Blocking the final viral assembly

Question 12

What best describes whether a virus is likely to infect a particular cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses infect the first cells they encounter. 
B) If a host cell is weakened, viruses are likely to infect it. 
C) A virus will only infect host cells with the correct surface receptors. 
D) Viruses only attack epithelial cells, such as the cells lining the lungs. 
A) Viruses infect the first cells they encounter. 
B) If a host cell is weakened, viruses are likely to infect it. 
C) A virus will only infect host cells with the correct surface receptors. 
D) Viruses only attack epithelial cells, such as the cells lining the lungs.

Question 13

A layer of lipoprotein and glycoprotein that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the

Accepted Answer

A) capsid. 
B) casing. 
C) envelope. 
D) membrane. 
A) capsid. 
B) casing. 
C) envelope. 
D) membrane.

Question 14

Gardasil is marketed as a cervical cancer vaccine, but it is actually a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine.Why is this done?

Accepted Answer

A) The virus multiplies more rapidly in cancerous cells. 
B) Cancer cells are particularly susceptible to viral infection. 
C) Genital warts is a sign of cancer. 
D) HPV in the cervical epithelial cells may cause the cells to become cancerous. 
A) The virus multiplies more rapidly in cancerous cells. 
B) Cancer cells are particularly susceptible to viral infection. 
C) Genital warts is a sign of cancer. 
D) HPV in the cervical epithelial cells may cause the cells to become cancerous.

Question 15

Nucleotide analogs are a class of drugs that are highly effective against many types of viruses.They work by halting the replication of viral genes.They are equally effective at stopping the spread of prion diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Most viruses form a capsid around their nucleic acid core.This capsid is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) monosaccharides. 
C) glycoproteins. 
D) lipoproteins. 
A) proteins. 
B) monosaccharides. 
C) glycoproteins. 
D) lipoproteins.

Question 17

Viruses can ________ only after they have entered a host cell, and only by using the host's cellular machinery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Viruses can ________ only after they have...

Question 18

The infection cycle of HIV includes all of the following steps except

Accepted Answer

A) attachment. 
B) entry. 
C) replication. 
D) immediately killing the host cell. 
A) attachment. 
B) entry. 
C) replication. 
D) immediately killing the host cell.

Question 19

HIV studies revealed that it is closely related to

Accepted Answer

A) smallpox virus. 
B) ebola virus. 
C) herpes virus. 
D) a chimpanzee virus. 
A) smallpox virus. 
B) ebola virus. 
C) herpes virus. 
D) a chimpanzee virus.

Question 20

The HIV virus is considered a(n) ______ virus, because after getting integrated into the host cell chromosomes, it does not begin replicating immediately.

Accepted Answer

A) phage 
B) latent 
C) transforming 
D) benign 
A) phage 
B) latent 
C) transforming 
D) benign

Exam 27: Viruses

A ____________ can contain DNA or RNA as its genetic material, but not both.

Tetracycline is effective against viruses because it disrupts the action of the viral ribosomes.

All of the following are diseases caused by viruses except

What is the name for parasitic viral DNA that has been integrated into the chromosome of its bacterial host?

Which class of drugs would be effective against HIV but not against most other pathogenic viruses?

A doctor's office has run out of the latest flu vaccine, but many patients are asking for it.One of the nurses finds some vials from last year's batch in a refrigerator.Should they be used?

All of the following are part of phage conversion except

The onset of AIDS is often accompanied by

Scientists have demonstrated that the cholera bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, can exist as a rather harmless form or, by phage conversion, can exist as a disease-causing, virulent form.This conversion is caused by

A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme renders the protein non-functional.How would this affect-the HIV infection cycle?

Integrase inhibitors work by:

What best describes whether a virus is likely to infect a particular cell?

A layer of lipoprotein and glycoprotein that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the

Gardasil is marketed as a cervical cancer vaccine, but it is actually a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine.Why is this done?

Nucleotide analogs are a class of drugs that are highly effective against many types of viruses.They work by halting the replication of viral genes.They are equally effective at stopping the spread of prion diseases.

Most viruses form a capsid around their nucleic acid core.This capsid is composed of

Viruses can ________ only after they have entered a host cell, and only by using the host's cellular machinery.

The infection cycle of HIV includes all of the following steps except

HIV studies revealed that it is closely related to

The HIV virus is considered a(n) ______ virus, because after getting integrated into the host cell chromosomes, it does not begin replicating immediately.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

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