Question 1

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine glands are the target of these molecules, not the source. 
B) It does not apply to this type of molecule in plants. 
C) The molecules do not serve a regulatory role. 
D) The definition is completely correct as stated. 
A) Endocrine glands are the target of these molecules, not the source. 
B) It does not apply to this type of molecule in plants. 
C) The molecules do not serve a regulatory role. 
D) The definition is completely correct as stated. B

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A) elevated levels of blood glucose 
B) lowered production of insulin by the pancreas 
C) reduced body cell sensitivity to insulin 
D) defects in pituitary gland function 
A) elevated levels of blood glucose 
B) lowered production of insulin by the pancreas 
C) reduced body cell sensitivity to insulin 
D) defects in pituitary gland function D

Question 3

What nonendocrine organ produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A) kidneys 
B) skin 
C) heart 
D) pituitary 
A) kidneys 
B) skin 
C) heart 
D) pituitary A

Question 4

What is a likely explanation for why nothing happened in your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Yeast have a cell wall, so the molecule cannot pass through the cell membrane as it would in mice. 
B) Water-soluble hormones are lipids, not proteins. 
C) You need to apply the hormone in large amounts to see an effect. 
D) Yeast may lack the receptor required for the hormone to act. 
A) Yeast have a cell wall, so the molecule cannot pass through the cell membrane as it would in mice. 
B) Water-soluble hormones are lipids, not proteins. 
C) You need to apply the hormone in large amounts to see an effect. 
D) Yeast may lack the receptor required for the hormone to act.

Question 5

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) pineal gland 
C) pituitary gland 
D) parathyroid gland 
A) pancreas 
B) pineal gland 
C) pituitary gland 
D) parathyroid gland

Question 6

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together, you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "You're right, it doesn't seem to be working.Let's increase the dose, since we need to achieve high steroid levels in the blood." 
B) "Why don't you go on your rounds and come back? Steroid hormones need several hours to work, since they regulate gene expression.Transcription and translation take time." 
C) "We forgot to administer the carrier protein to get the drug across the cell membrane.We can add that now." 
D) "Let's grab a cup of coffee and then check again.Activating the G-protein coupled receptor and its downstream kinase cascade can take several minutes." 
A) "You're right, it doesn't seem to be working.Let's increase the dose, since we need to achieve high steroid levels in the blood." 
B) "Why don't you go on your rounds and come back? Steroid hormones need several hours to work, since they regulate gene expression.Transcription and translation take time." 
C) "We forgot to administer the carrier protein to get the drug across the cell membrane.We can add that now." 
D) "Let's grab a cup of coffee and then check again.Activating the G-protein coupled receptor and its downstream kinase cascade can take several minutes."

Question 7

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone, and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene A -- a transcription factor. 
B) Gene B -- an enzyme that activates the hormone by cleaving its inactive precursor. 
C) Gene C -- the hormone itself. 
D) Gene D -- a kinase that acts downstream of the hormone. 
A) Gene A -- a transcription factor. 
B) Gene B -- an enzyme that activates the hormone by cleaving its inactive precursor. 
C) Gene C -- the hormone itself. 
D) Gene D -- a kinase that acts downstream of the hormone.

Question 8

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon 
A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon

Question 9

What stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Accepted Answer

A) GHRH 
B) CRH 
C) CIH 
D) ADH 
A) GHRH 
B) CRH 
C) CIH 
D) ADH

Question 10

Which of the following hormones has the fewest targets?

Accepted Answer

A) growth hormone 
B) melatonin 
C) oxytocin 
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone 
A) growth hormone 
B) melatonin 
C) oxytocin 
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 11

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Accepted Answer

A) the limbic system 
B) blood vessels 
C) axons 
D) the lymphatic system 
A) the limbic system 
B) blood vessels 
C) axons 
D) the lymphatic system

Question 12

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Paracrine regulatory molecules include cytokines and growth factors. 
B) Nitric oxide can function either as a neurotransmitter or a paracrine regulatory molecule. 
C) Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that control blood vessel constriction and dilation. 
D) Paracrine molecules are released into the circulatory system to affect distant tissues. 
A) Paracrine regulatory molecules include cytokines and growth factors. 
B) Nitric oxide can function either as a neurotransmitter or a paracrine regulatory molecule. 
C) Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that control blood vessel constriction and dilation. 
D) Paracrine molecules are released into the circulatory system to affect distant tissues.

Question 13

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine and circulatory systems 
B) respiratory and circulatory systems 
C) nervous and circulatory systems 
D) nervous and endocrine systems 
A) endocrine and circulatory systems 
B) respiratory and circulatory systems 
C) nervous and circulatory systems 
D) nervous and endocrine systems

Question 14

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine constitute the "alarm" response of the body to stress.What secretes these hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) thyroid gland 
C) adrenal medulla 
D) pineal gland 
A) pancreas 
B) thyroid gland 
C) adrenal medulla 
D) pineal gland

Question 15

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal, which of the following hormones is produced?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) norepinephrine 
A) glucagon 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) norepinephrine

Question 16

Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon 
A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases calcium production in the liver. 
B) It increases calcium absorption across the intestine. 
C) It increases reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney. 
D) It stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve CaPO4 crystals in bone. 
A) It increases calcium production in the liver. 
B) It increases calcium absorption across the intestine. 
C) It increases reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney. 
D) It stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve CaPO4 crystals in bone.

Question 18

Results from lab tests reveal abnormally high endogenous hormone levels, and you suspect a possible tumor.What regions will you ask the MRI technician to focus on?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex 
B) adrenal cortex only 
C) hypothalamus and posterior pituitary 
D) anterior and posterior pituitary 
A) hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex 
B) adrenal cortex only 
C) hypothalamus and posterior pituitary 
D) anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 19

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested, and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin and growth hormone 
B) thyroid hormone and steroid hormones 
C) calcitonin and insulin 
D) insulin and steroid hormones 
A) insulin and growth hormone 
B) thyroid hormone and steroid hormones 
C) calcitonin and insulin 
D) insulin and steroid hormones

Question 20

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) release of hormones by the brain 
B) energy stores in bone allow for quick glucose release 
C) glucose usage by the brain is shut down when necessary 
D) the action of two antagonistic effectors 
A) release of hormones by the brain 
B) energy stores in bone allow for quick glucose release 
C) glucose usage by the brain is shut down when necessary 
D) the action of two antagonistic effectors

Exam 45: The Endocrine System

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

What nonendocrine organ produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

What is a likely explanation for why nothing happened in your experiment?

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together, you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone, and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

What stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Which of the following hormones has the fewest targets?

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine constitute the "alarm" response of the body to stress.What secretes these hormones?

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal, which of the following hormones is produced?

Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Results from lab tests reveal abnormally high endogenous hormone levels, and you suspect a possible tumor.What regions will you ask the MRI technician to focus on?

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested, and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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