Exam 23: Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.).

Based on the phylogeny shown, the outgroup would be species

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which species would be considered the outgroup?

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which pair of species diverged most recently?

A ______________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

The following are steps used to construct a cladogram that best reflects the evolutionary relationships of a group of species.Which step involves deciding which tree is most likely to have occurred, based on the fewest character state changes?

The phylogenetic species concept (PSC) declares that a group is a species if it

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be __________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows that these three groups share a common ancestor.

Based on the phylogeny shown, the group of species including (2-5) can best be described as a

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ___________ structures, as the fossil record shows that saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Based on the phylogeny shown, we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Evidence suggests that the crocodiles are more closely related to the birds than the turtles and snakes.If so, then including crocodiles, but not birds, in the Class Reptilia would make the Class Reptilia

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?