Question 1

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Accepted Answer

A) it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences. 
B) they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences. 
C) the introns are often identical. 
D) of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection. 
A) it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences. 
B) they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences. 
C) the introns are often identical. 
D) of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection. B

Question 2

One of the ways that two species can be compared, and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted, is by using their sequenced genomes and

Accepted Answer

A) looking at the allelic differences. 
B) investigating the introns. 
C) looking at the conserved sequences. 
D) exchanging genomic information between them. 
A) looking at the allelic differences. 
B) investigating the introns. 
C) looking at the conserved sequences. 
D) exchanging genomic information between them. C

Question 3

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are ________________.

Accepted Answer

pseudogenes

Question 4

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens, such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia, resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides)?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes encoding chitin proteins that are shared by downy mildew and Sclerotinia, but absent in sunflower and humans. 
B) Genes encoding growth proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and sunflower, but absent in humans. 
C) Genes encoding metabolite proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and humans, but absent in sunflower. 
D) Genes encoding basic development proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, sunflower, and humans. 
A) Genes encoding chitin proteins that are shared by downy mildew and Sclerotinia, but absent in sunflower and humans. 
B) Genes encoding growth proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and sunflower, but absent in humans. 
C) Genes encoding metabolite proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and humans, but absent in sunflower. 
D) Genes encoding basic development proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, sunflower, and humans.

Question 5

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Accepted Answer

A) Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes. 
B) Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades. 
C) Synteny results from polyploidization events. 
D) Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions. 
A) Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes. 
B) Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades. 
C) Synteny results from polyploidization events. 
D) Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions.

Question 6

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Accepted Answer

A) Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host, Anopheles. 
B) Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host, Drosophila. 
C) Plasmodium has a chloroplast-like apicoplast that could be targeted by drugs. 
D) Plasmodium produces fatty acids that are similar to ones found in humans and could be targeted by drugs. 
A) Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host, Anopheles. 
B) Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host, Drosophila. 
C) Plasmodium has a chloroplast-like apicoplast that could be targeted by drugs. 
D) Plasmodium produces fatty acids that are similar to ones found in humans and could be targeted by drugs.

Question 7

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two genes within an organism that arose...

Question 8

Choose the true statement about foreign DNA in the human genome.

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient. 
B) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is coding DNA. 
C) Like the Drosophila genome, the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA. 
D) New foreign DNA is regularly entering the human genome. 
A) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient. 
B) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is coding DNA. 
C) Like the Drosophila genome, the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA. 
D) New foreign DNA is regularly entering the human genome.

Question 9

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Accepted Answer

A) most of the coding genes are different. 
B) most of the non-coding genes are different. 
C) gene expression differs. 
D) the genes are mostly the same but have been rearranged. 
A) most of the coding genes are different. 
B) most of the non-coding genes are different. 
C) gene expression differs. 
D) the genes are mostly the same but have been rearranged.

Question 10

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a small member of the mustard family of plants, and rice, Oryza sativa, have been sequenced.The findings include

Accepted Answer

A) the genome for each is almost identical, indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past. 
B) they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene), probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication. 
C) repetitive DNA, including retrotransposons, was a very small proportion of both genomes. 
D) more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes. 
A) the genome for each is almost identical, indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past. 
B) they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene), probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication. 
C) repetitive DNA, including retrotransposons, was a very small proportion of both genomes. 
D) more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes.

Question 11

During meiosis, a hexaploid hybrid spontaneously eliminates one set of chromosomes (eliminates 1n).What is the most likely result of this deletion?

Accepted Answer

A) The hybrid will no longer be able to reproduce. 
B) The hybrid will be able to reproduce with one of the parental species. 
C) The hybrid will no longer be polyploid. 
D) The hybrid will be able to reproduce only by self-fertilization. 
A) The hybrid will no longer be able to reproduce. 
B) The hybrid will be able to reproduce with one of the parental species. 
C) The hybrid will no longer be polyploid. 
D) The hybrid will be able to reproduce only by self-fertilization.

Question 12

Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) are examples of _________________ organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes)...

Question 13

The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

A) are vastly different. 
B) are about 50% alike. 
C) are about 80% alike. 
D) are more than 99% alike. 
A) are vastly different. 
B) are about 50% alike. 
C) are about 80% alike. 
D) are more than 99% alike.

Question 14

The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans, mice, and gorillas, due to its origination in a common ancestor.The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) orthologs 
B) paralogs 
C) polyploidy 
D) synteny 
A) orthologs 
B) paralogs 
C) polyploidy 
D) synteny

Question 15

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature, but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below, if each one occurred, which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

Accepted Answer

A) A cross between a 2n gamete and a 1n gamete, forming a 3n hybrid. 
B) A cross between a 4n gamete and a 1n gamete, forming a 5n hybrid. 
C) A cross between a species with a CC genome and a species with a DD genome, forming a hybrid with a CD genome. 
D) A cross between a species with a BB genome and a species with a DD genome, followed by a doubling of chromosomes, forming a hybrid with a BBDD genome. 
A) A cross between a 2n gamete and a 1n gamete, forming a 3n hybrid. 
B) A cross between a 4n gamete and a 1n gamete, forming a 5n hybrid. 
C) A cross between a species with a CC genome and a species with a DD genome, forming a hybrid with a CD genome. 
D) A cross between a species with a BB genome and a species with a DD genome, followed by a doubling of chromosomes, forming a hybrid with a BBDD genome.

Question 16

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Accepted Answer

A) that "junk" DNA may be more functional than we assumed. 
B) how incredibly different they are. 
C) that there is far more "junk" DNA than we ever thought. 
D) how similar some gene families are to their original transposons. 
A) that "junk" DNA may be more functional than we assumed. 
B) how incredibly different they are. 
C) that there is far more "junk" DNA than we ever thought. 
D) how similar some gene families are to their original transposons.

Question 17

Choose the true statement about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Jumping of transposons is most common many generations after a polyploidization event. 
B) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids equally. 
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss. 
D) Crop plants rarely show evidence of polyploidization events. 
A) Jumping of transposons is most common many generations after a polyploidization event. 
B) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids equally. 
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss. 
D) Crop plants rarely show evidence of polyploidization events.

Question 18

In plants, _________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plants, _________________ induces elimination of duplicated...

Question 19

The best target for drug development would be

Accepted Answer

A) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmania. 
B) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness but not shared by humans or the organisms causing Leishmania. 
C) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease but not the organisms causing African sleeping sickness or Leishmania. 
D) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmania but not shared by humans. 
A) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmania. 
B) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness but not shared by humans or the organisms causing Leishmania. 
C) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease but not the organisms causing African sleeping sickness or Leishmania. 
D) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmania but not shared by humans.

Question 20

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ______ gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human...

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

One of the ways that two species can be compared, and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted, is by using their sequenced genomes and

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are ________________.

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens, such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia, resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides)?

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are ________________.

Choose the true statement about foreign DNA in the human genome.

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a small member of the mustard family of plants, and rice, Oryza sativa, have been sequenced.The findings include

During meiosis, a hexaploid hybrid spontaneously eliminates one set of chromosomes (eliminates 1n).What is the most likely result of this deletion?

Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) are examples of _________________ organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.

The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees

The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans, mice, and gorillas, due to its origination in a common ancestor.The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of __________________.

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature, but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below, if each one occurred, which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Choose the true statement about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes.

In plants, _________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

The best target for drug development would be

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ______ gene transfer.

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