Question 1

What kind of population spacing would you expect for a species that is strongly territorial?

Accepted Answer

A) uniform 
B) clumped 
C) random 
D) uniform or clumped depending on whether it is a source or sink metapopulation 
A) uniform 
B) clumped 
C) random 
D) uniform or clumped depending on whether it is a source or sink metapopulation A

Question 2

During the late 1800s, cattle egrets arrived in South America from Africa and began to colonize.Their range has expanded dramatically over the years.Why were they able to do this?

Accepted Answer

A) The habitats that they left in Africa were not suitable for any further colonization; thus, they were forced to emigrate. 
B) The habitats that they encountered in South America were suitable to them and unoccupied. 
C) There were abundant cattle for the birds to gather around in South America; furthermore, various animals that the egrets had lived around in Africa had become quite scarce because of over hunting and poaching, causing the birds to extend their range. 
D) The food resources in South America were far superior to those in Africa, allowing the egrets more opportunity to grow and reproduce and ultimately expand their range. Clarify question: 
A) The habitats that they left in Africa were not suitable for any further colonization; thus, they were forced to emigrate. 
B) The habitats that they encountered in South America were suitable to them and unoccupied. 
C) There were abundant cattle for the birds to gather around in South America; furthermore, various animals that the egrets had lived around in Africa had become quite scarce because of over hunting and poaching, causing the birds to extend their range. 
D) The food resources in South America were far superior to those in Africa, allowing the egrets more opportunity to grow and reproduce and ultimately expand their range. Clarify question: B

Question 3

You are earning your Ph.D.in marine biology, studying the microbial ocean community.This year, you are shocked to discover that one of your study sites has become contaminated due to an industrial waste water pipe.This dumping is drastically raising the temperature and lowering the salinity of the water.What do you expect to find in your survey of the ecosystem, and what might you find in a survey years from now?

Accepted Answer

A) Most species will be wiped out this year, and in subsequent years even fewer will remain. 
B) The individuals will turn on genes to adapt to these changes, and the populations will end up largely the same this year and following years. 
C) Many species will have decreased or disappeared from this site, but later some species may increase in population if they acquire adaptive mutations.Also you may see some new species expand into the site. 
D) Most species will be wiped out this year, and it will take millions of years for new species to evolve -- until then the site will be devoid of life. Clarify question: 
A) Most species will be wiped out this year, and in subsequent years even fewer will remain. 
B) The individuals will turn on genes to adapt to these changes, and the populations will end up largely the same this year and following years. 
C) Many species will have decreased or disappeared from this site, but later some species may increase in population if they acquire adaptive mutations.Also you may see some new species expand into the site. 
D) Most species will be wiped out this year, and it will take millions of years for new species to evolve -- until then the site will be devoid of life. Clarify question: C

Question 4

What would be the best approach to curbing excessive human population growth?

Accepted Answer

A) lowering birth rates through education and family planning 
B) a return to historical health care practices 
C) encouraging women to postpone children till after age 35 
D) embracing traditional agricultural practices 
A) lowering birth rates through education and family planning 
B) a return to historical health care practices 
C) encouraging women to postpone children till after age 35 
D) embracing traditional agricultural practices

Question 5

Populations have three basic types of dispersion patterns-clumped, random, and uniform.What situation supports random distributions?

Accepted Answer

A) When individuals of the populations do not interact strongly with one another. 
B) When individuals of the population are in competition for resources. 
C) When there is an even distribution of resources. 
D) When individuals of the population display social interactions. 
A) When individuals of the populations do not interact strongly with one another. 
B) When individuals of the population are in competition for resources. 
C) When there is an even distribution of resources. 
D) When individuals of the population display social interactions.

Question 6

What do we call populations of organisms that are usually near the carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

A) K-selected 
B) r-selected 
C) predators 
D) parasites 
A) K-selected 
B) r-selected 
C) predators 
D) parasites

Question 7

Which factor allows bacteria species to adapt to environmental changes faster than fish?

Accepted Answer

A) shorter generation time 
B) smaller size 
C) smaller nutrient needs 
D) lack of a nuclear membrane Clarify question: 
A) shorter generation time 
B) smaller size 
C) smaller nutrient needs 
D) lack of a nuclear membrane Clarify question:

Question 8

In the logistic growth model, as the number of individuals in the population (N) approaches the carrying capacity (K), what happens to the intrinsic rate of growth (ri)?

Accepted Answer

A) It will be affected by an increased birth rate. 
B) It will be affected by a decreased death rate from predation. 
C) It will be affected by increased competition with other species. 
D) It will be affected by increased competition within the species. 
E) It will not change. 
A) It will be affected by an increased birth rate. 
B) It will be affected by a decreased death rate from predation. 
C) It will be affected by increased competition with other species. 
D) It will be affected by increased competition within the species. 
E) It will not change.

Question 9

Which factor increases the likelihood of population extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) large population size 
B) isolation of a population from density-independent effects 
C) isolation of a population from sources of immigrants 
D) high resource availability 
A) large population size 
B) isolation of a population from density-independent effects 
C) isolation of a population from sources of immigrants 
D) high resource availability

Question 10

What is the life history adaptation called where organisms produce offspring several times over many seasons?

Accepted Answer

A) semelparity 
B) iteroparity 
C) biparity 
D) polyparity 
A) semelparity 
B) iteroparity 
C) biparity 
D) polyparity

Question 11

You work for a successful company that sells maternity clothes.They have asked you to evaluate whether Australia or Singapore would be a better country to expand into with new stores.What keyword will help you find the data you need to make this evaluation?

Accepted Answer

A) range expansion 
B) dispersal 
C) metapopulation 
D) demographics 
A) range expansion 
B) dispersal 
C) metapopulation 
D) demographics

Question 12

You and your friend are on vacation at Yellowstone Park.The plaque in front of a sulfur hot spring reads: "This sulfur spring is 80 $\degree$C, has a pH of 2, and contains large amounts of sulfur which is oxidized by Sulfolobus species of archaea." Your friend is excited."Boy, if those microbes are that tough they should be easy to grow in the lab.I think I'll work with those for my summer project." What do you think?

Accepted Answer

A) You agree, and decide to partner with your friend to work on this organism as well. 
B) A species adapted to such extreme conditions would probably not be easy to culture in the very different conditions of a lab. 
C) The sulfur spring is pretty extreme, but after a few days the individual archaea should have adapted to lab culture conditions. 
D) The sulfur spring is pretty extreme, but after a few generations the species should have adapted to the lab culture conditions. Clarify question: 
A) You agree, and decide to partner with your friend to work on this organism as well. 
B) A species adapted to such extreme conditions would probably not be easy to culture in the very different conditions of a lab. 
C) The sulfur spring is pretty extreme, but after a few days the individual archaea should have adapted to lab culture conditions. 
D) The sulfur spring is pretty extreme, but after a few generations the species should have adapted to the lab culture conditions. Clarify question:

Question 13

What often describes organisms with a Type III life history?

Accepted Answer

A) K-selected 
B) r-selected 
C) idiopathic 
D) at their carrying capacity 
A) K-selected 
B) r-selected 
C) idiopathic 
D) at their carrying capacity

Question 14

What age group on a population pyramid would you examine to predict the population in 25 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 0-5 
B) 10-15 
C) 20-25 
D) 25-30 
A) 0-5 
B) 10-15 
C) 20-25 
D) 25-30

Question 15

Select the description of a population pyramid for a population that has the largest potential for exponential growth.

Accepted Answer

A) broad at the base, narrow at the top, with more females than males 
B) broad at the base, narrow at the top, with more males than females 
C) uniform at all age classes, with more females than males 
D) broad at the top, narrow at the base, with more males than females 
A) broad at the base, narrow at the top, with more females than males 
B) broad at the base, narrow at the top, with more males than females 
C) uniform at all age classes, with more females than males 
D) broad at the top, narrow at the base, with more males than females

Question 16

Allen's rule states that mammals from colder climates have shorter ears and appendages than individuals of the same species from warmer areas.The related Bergman's rule states that mammal body size varies with latitude, with larger body size in populations located closer to the poles and smaller body size in populations located closer to the equator.What can explain both of these rules?

Accepted Answer

A) Larger bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than smaller bodies. 
B) Smaller bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than larger bodies. 
C) Heat loss increases as the surface area to volume ratio of the animal increases. 
D) Larger bodies have a proportionally larger surface area, and heat radiation varies with volume. 
A) Larger bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than smaller bodies. 
B) Smaller bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than larger bodies. 
C) Heat loss increases as the surface area to volume ratio of the animal increases. 
D) Larger bodies have a proportionally larger surface area, and heat radiation varies with volume.

Question 17

What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be made from data graphed in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) After high mortality early in life, survivorship becomes constant for the rest of life. 
B) Survivorship is constant throughout life. 
C) After low mortality early in life, mortality increases to a constant rate for the rest of life. 
D) After following a constant rate early in life, mortality becomes low late in life. 
A) After high mortality early in life, survivorship becomes constant for the rest of life. 
B) Survivorship is constant throughout life. 
C) After low mortality early in life, mortality increases to a constant rate for the rest of life. 
D) After following a constant rate early in life, mortality becomes low late in life.

Question 18

The biotic potential representing growth without limits at its maximal rate is indicated by what symbol?

Accepted Answer

A) ri 
B) N 
C) K 
D) dN/dt 
A) ri 
B) N 
C) K 
D) dN/dt

Question 19

Which species would be most likely to have a Type III life history?

Accepted Answer

A) whale 
B) coconut palm 
C) lion 
D) gorilla 
E) pine tree 
A) whale 
B) coconut palm 
C) lion 
D) gorilla 
E) pine tree

Question 20

A farmer's land includes a wilderness area that is home to an endangered species of bird.He wants to sell the land to a developer, and you have been hired to evaluate the environmental concerns."This little patch of land is not crucial for the bird species!" the farmer says, "In fact, my land is surrounded by several other wilderness patches that also have that bird." You reply: "It is possible that your land acts as the ____________ and the other areas are ___________ .If that's the case, development would be devastating to the population."

Accepted Answer

A) sink; sources 
B) source; sinks 
C) population; metapopulation 
D) metapopulation; population Clarify question: 
A) sink; sources 
B) source; sinks 
C) population; metapopulation 
D) metapopulation; population Clarify question:

Exam 55: Ecology of Individuals and Populations

What kind of population spacing would you expect for a species that is strongly territorial?

During the late 1800s, cattle egrets arrived in South America from Africa and began to colonize.Their range has expanded dramatically over the years.Why were they able to do this?

What would be the best approach to curbing excessive human population growth?

Populations have three basic types of dispersion patterns-clumped, random, and uniform.What situation supports random distributions?

What do we call populations of organisms that are usually near the carrying capacity?

Which factor allows bacteria species to adapt to environmental changes faster than fish?

In the logistic growth model, as the number of individuals in the population (N) approaches the carrying capacity (K), what happens to the intrinsic rate of growth (ri)?

Which factor increases the likelihood of population extinction?

What is the life history adaptation called where organisms produce offspring several times over many seasons?

You work for a successful company that sells maternity clothes.They have asked you to evaluate whether Australia or Singapore would be a better country to expand into with new stores.What keyword will help you find the data you need to make this evaluation?

What often describes organisms with a Type III life history?

What age group on a population pyramid would you examine to predict the population in 25 years?

Select the description of a population pyramid for a population that has the largest potential for exponential growth.

What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be made from data graphed in the figure?

The biotic potential representing growth without limits at its maximal rate is indicated by what symbol?

Which species would be most likely to have a Type III life history?

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In the logistic growth model, as the number of individuals in the population (N) approaches the carrying capacity (K), what happens to the intrinsic rate of growth (r_i)?