Question 1

If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __________ speciation achieved via _________.

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric; autopolyploidy 
B) allopatric; allopolyploidy 
C) sympatric; autopolyploidy 
D) sympatric; allopolyploidy 
A) allopatric; autopolyploidy 
B) allopatric; allopolyploidy 
C) sympatric; autopolyploidy 
D) sympatric; allopolyploidy D

Question 2

The __________ __________ model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

punctuated equilibrium

Question 3

If two species are able to mate and produce an offspring which can mate with itself, but is unable to mate with either parent's species, it is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation. 
B) sympatric speciation via disruptive selection. 
C) sympatric speciation via polyploidy. 
D) a species cluster. 
A) allopatric speciation. 
B) sympatric speciation via disruptive selection. 
C) sympatric speciation via polyploidy. 
D) a species cluster. C

Question 4

Scientists studying a group of related bird species on an island archipelago discover that these species are always more closely related to each other within an island than they are between any two islands.The most likely explanation for this result is that

Accepted Answer

A) each bird species evolved different adaptations in allopatry and then colonized the other islands. 
B) one bird species colonized each island and then evolved into distinct species on that island through character displacement. 
C) each bird species became reproductively isolated by living on a different island, then later colonized the other islands and acquired new adaptations. 
D) many ancestral bird species colonized each island. 
A) each bird species evolved different adaptations in allopatry and then colonized the other islands. 
B) one bird species colonized each island and then evolved into distinct species on that island through character displacement. 
C) each bird species became reproductively isolated by living on a different island, then later colonized the other islands and acquired new adaptations. 
D) many ancestral bird species colonized each island.

Question 5

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Accepted Answer

A) races. 
B) species. 
C) kingdoms. 
D) hybrids. 
A) races. 
B) species. 
C) kingdoms. 
D) hybrids.

Question 6

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

Accepted Answer

A) species. 
B) subspecies (races). 
C) polymorphic. 
D) allopatric species. 
A) species. 
B) subspecies (races). 
C) polymorphic. 
D) allopatric species.

Question 7

Courtship for Anolis lizards involves the male displaying a dewlap (skin under the throat area) that varies in appearance based upon the species.Lizards that are found in darker, more shaded environments will have dewlaps that are lighter in color because they are more noticeable by potential mates.Which of the following mechanisms best explains how speciation is at work in this example?

Accepted Answer

A) Postzygotic isolation 
B) Reinforcement 
C) Genetic drift 
D) Natural selection 
A) Postzygotic isolation 
B) Reinforcement 
C) Genetic drift 
D) Natural selection

Question 8

Scientists observed that marine bryozoan fossils lack intermediate forms.This evidence supports which hypotheses? Check all that apply.__X__ Evolution occurs in spurts, alternating with long periods of little change._____ Evolution proceeds steadily, with gradual, incremental change in a given evolutionary line.__X__ There is variability in the rate of evolution._____ Evolution proceeds at a constant rate that is the same for all organisms.

Accepted Answer

Reflect on Process
@#LAT-DLM& Did your problem-sol

Question 9

Several species of sea urchins may inhabit the same tide pool and their reproductive periods overlap.Although they practice external fertilization, they seldom interbreed because eggs produce chemicals that are only attractive to sperm of their own species.This is an example of a _________ barrier that _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) prezygotic; causes geographic isolation 
B) prezygotic; causes temporal isolation 
C) prezygotic; prevents gamete fusion 
D) postzygotic; prevents zygote fusion 
A) prezygotic; causes geographic isolation 
B) prezygotic; causes temporal isolation 
C) prezygotic; prevents gamete fusion 
D) postzygotic; prevents zygote fusion

Question 10

The most common mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants is

Accepted Answer

A) polyploidy. 
B) geographic isolation. 
C) spontaneous mutation. 
D) punctuated equilibrium. 
A) polyploidy. 
B) geographic isolation. 
C) spontaneous mutation. 
D) punctuated equilibrium.

Question 11

Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals.What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A) ecological isolation 
B) temporal isolation 
C) mechanical incompatibility 
D) hybrid sterility 
A) ecological isolation 
B) temporal isolation 
C) mechanical incompatibility 
D) hybrid sterility

Question 12

Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria.Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when

Accepted Answer

A) artificial selection stopped. 
B) predatory fish were added. 
C) hybridization stopped. 
D) fishing was prohibited. 
A) artificial selection stopped. 
B) predatory fish were added. 
C) hybridization stopped. 
D) fishing was prohibited.

Question 13

Adaptive radiation is best described as the

Accepted Answer

A) existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from a common ancestor. 
B) existence of groups of distantly related species recently evolved from a common ancestor. 
C) existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from different ancestors through hybridization. 
D) existence of individuals of closely related species that originated in different areas within diverse habitats, but that have rejoined as a single species. 
A) existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from a common ancestor. 
B) existence of groups of distantly related species recently evolved from a common ancestor. 
C) existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from different ancestors through hybridization. 
D) existence of individuals of closely related species that originated in different areas within diverse habitats, but that have rejoined as a single species.

Question 14

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of ________ and it occurs _______.

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation; almost instantaneously 
B) allopatric speciation; very slowly 
C) sympatric speciation; almost instantaneously 
D) sympatric speciation; very slowly 
A) allopatric speciation; almost instantaneously 
B) allopatric speciation; very slowly 
C) sympatric speciation; almost instantaneously 
D) sympatric speciation; very slowly

Question 15

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A) Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Mutation --> Speciation 
B) Mutation --> Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation 
C) Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Selection --> Mutation --> Variation 
D) Variation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation --> Mutation --> Selection 
A) Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Mutation --> Speciation 
B) Mutation --> Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation 
C) Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Selection --> Mutation --> Variation 
D) Variation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation --> Mutation --> Selection

Question 16

Reinforcement is most likely to drive the evolution of

Accepted Answer

A) prezygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection favors alleles that prevent hybridization. 
B)  postzygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection acts after the formation of hybrids. 
C)  prezygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection favors alleles that promote hybridization. 
D) postzygotic isolating mechanisms, because hybrids have low fitness relative to the parents. 
A) prezygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection favors alleles that prevent hybridization. 
B)  postzygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection acts after the formation of hybrids. 
C)  prezygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection favors alleles that promote hybridization. 
D) postzygotic isolating mechanisms, because hybrids have low fitness relative to the parents.

Question 17

Two bird species have different mating calls, occupy different habitats in nature, and when they hybridize, the hybrids are infertile.Which isolating mechanisms maintain these species?

Accepted Answer

A) ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, and hybrid sterility 
B) mechanical isolation, hybrid sterility, geographical isolation 
C) ecological isolation, mechanical isolation, hybrid sterility 
D) geographical isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation 
A) ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, and hybrid sterility 
B) mechanical isolation, hybrid sterility, geographical isolation 
C) ecological isolation, mechanical isolation, hybrid sterility 
D) geographical isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation

Question 18

Due to character displacement, two closely related species may differ most morphologically when they

Accepted Answer

A) are allopatric. 
B) are sympatric. 
C) occupy the same niche. 
D) occupy different niches. 
A) are allopatric. 
B) are sympatric. 
C) occupy the same niche. 
D) occupy different niches.

Question 19

Many male songbirds have very distinctive songs that are used to attract females.These songs are an example of a ________ isolating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) postzygotic, ecological 
B) prezygotic, behavioral 
C) prezygotic, temporal 
D) postzygotic, mechanical 
A) postzygotic, ecological 
B) prezygotic, behavioral 
C) prezygotic, temporal 
D) postzygotic, mechanical

Question 20

Evolution acts at the level of the

Accepted Answer

A) ecosystem. 
B) population. 
C) species. 
D) community. 
A) ecosystem. 
B) population. 
C) species. 
D) community.

Exam 22: The Origin of Species

If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __________ speciation achieved via _________.

The __________ __________ model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

If two species are able to mate and produce an offspring which can mate with itself, but is unable to mate with either parent's species, it is an example of

Scientists studying a group of related bird species on an island archipelago discover that these species are always more closely related to each other within an island than they are between any two islands.The most likely explanation for this result is that

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

The most common mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants is

Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals.What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?

Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria.Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when

Adaptive radiation is best described as the

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of ________ and it occurs _______.

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Reinforcement is most likely to drive the evolution of

Two bird species have different mating calls, occupy different habitats in nature, and when they hybridize, the hybrids are infertile.Which isolating mechanisms maintain these species?

Due to character displacement, two closely related species may differ most morphologically when they

Many male songbirds have very distinctive songs that are used to attract females.These songs are an example of a ________ isolating mechanism.

Evolution acts at the level of the

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If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __ speciation achieved via _.

The model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of __ and it occurs _.