Question 1

Flowering can be regulated by light, temperature, gibberellin levels, or internal factors.What do all of these different flowering pathways have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) All four pathways result in a decrease in LEAFY (LFY) expression, which induces flowering. 
B) All four pathways result in an increase in CONSTANS (CO) expression, which induces flowering. 
C) All four pathways result in an increase in LEAFY (LFY) expression, which induces flowering. 
D) All four pathways result in a decrease in CONSTANS (CO) expression, which induces flowering. 
A) All four pathways result in a decrease in LEAFY (LFY) expression, which induces flowering. 
B) All four pathways result in an increase in CONSTANS (CO) expression, which induces flowering. 
C) All four pathways result in an increase in LEAFY (LFY) expression, which induces flowering. 
D) All four pathways result in a decrease in CONSTANS (CO) expression, which induces flowering. C

Question 2

You and your neighbor each have a holly bush in your yards.You carefully water and care for your bush, but it fails to produce berries.Your neighbor, on the other hand, neglects his holly, yet it produces gorgeous red berries each year.Finally, in frustration, you replace your holly with a rose bush.The next year, your neighbor's holly bush has no berries at all.What happened?

Accepted Answer

A) Roses compete for the same insect pollinators as holly bushes. 
B) Holly plants are dioecious.Yours was a male that was needed to pollinate the neighbor's female. 
C) Roses secrete a chemical that inhibits the reproduction of neighboring plants. 
D) The neighbor's bush became infected with the same disease that yours had. 
A) Roses compete for the same insect pollinators as holly bushes. 
B) Holly plants are dioecious.Yours was a male that was needed to pollinate the neighbor's female. 
C) Roses secrete a chemical that inhibits the reproduction of neighboring plants. 
D) The neighbor's bush became infected with the same disease that yours had. B

Question 3

You are a landscape architect working on the grounds of a large estate.After you plant a dozen trees, the owner says, "There's been a mistake.The flowers on some of these willow trees look totally different! I specifically asked for Salix alba.You must have planted two different species." You refer to your tree guide, and read: "Salix alba - species of willow native to Europe and Asia, noted for the white undersides of leaves.Insect pollinated, dioecious.Grows 10-30m tall." How do you respond to the client?

Accepted Answer

A) "Sorry about that sir, I will dig up the wrong trees right away." 
B) "Don't worry, the trees with the smaller flowers just haven't undergone phase change yet." 
C) "Don't worry, when the shorter trees reach full size, they will grow the other kind of flower." 
D) "Don't worry, Salix alba is dioecious, meaning each tree has either male or female flowers.That is why they look different." 
A) "Sorry about that sir, I will dig up the wrong trees right away." 
B) "Don't worry, the trees with the smaller flowers just haven't undergone phase change yet." 
C) "Don't worry, when the shorter trees reach full size, they will grow the other kind of flower." 
D) "Don't worry, Salix alba is dioecious, meaning each tree has either male or female flowers.That is why they look different." D

Question 4

What is the name of the meristematic tissue that gives rise to future vascular tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) procambium 
B) cork cambium 
C) ground meristem 
D) dermal tissue 
A) procambium 
B) cork cambium 
C) ground meristem 
D) dermal tissue

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the angiosperm embryo sac is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains eight nuclei. 
B) It is the gametophyte generation of the plant. 
C) The nuclei within the embryo sac are diploid. 
D) The synergids flank the egg cell. 
A) It contains eight nuclei. 
B) It is the gametophyte generation of the plant. 
C) The nuclei within the embryo sac are diploid. 
D) The synergids flank the egg cell.

Question 6

Which of the following events is not a characteristic of successful seed germination?

Accepted Answer

A) The radicle breaks through the seed coat. 
B) The shoot becomes photosynthetic. 
C) The embryo becomes desiccated. 
D) New growth occurs at the meristems. 
A) The radicle breaks through the seed coat. 
B) The shoot becomes photosynthetic. 
C) The embryo becomes desiccated. 
D) New growth occurs at the meristems.

Question 7

Which step is NOT involved in the fertilization of angiosperm flowers?

Accepted Answer

A) Pollen is transported to a stigma of a flower. 
B) When pollen reaches the stigma of a flower, it begins to grow a pollen tube that pierces the style. 
C) The style of the pistil contracts to bring the sperm closer to the embryo sac. 
D) The pollen tube grows until it reaches the ovule in the ovary. 
A) Pollen is transported to a stigma of a flower. 
B) When pollen reaches the stigma of a flower, it begins to grow a pollen tube that pierces the style. 
C) The style of the pistil contracts to bring the sperm closer to the embryo sac. 
D) The pollen tube grows until it reaches the ovule in the ovary.

Question 8

In the ABC model of floral determination, a different combination of the three genes specifies each floral organ.Which gene works in combination with the other two?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) florigen 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) florigen

Question 9

Which of these structures does not begin development during embryogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) apical meristem 
B) vascular tissue 
C) floral primordia 
D) leaf primordial 
A) apical meristem 
B) vascular tissue 
C) floral primordia 
D) leaf primordial

Question 10

Microspore mother cells produce microspores.What do microspores then develop into?

Accepted Answer

A) egg cells 
B) pollen grains 
C) synergids 
D) endosperm 
A) egg cells 
B) pollen grains 
C) synergids 
D) endosperm

Question 11

Heirloom plants are treasured for their flavorful produce and true-breeding progeny that allow gardeners to avoid repeatedly purchasing seed from agribusiness conglomerates.What special effort is required to save seed from heirloom biennials such as carrots?

Accepted Answer

A) Since carrots produce large roots, they do not devote many resources to seed development.The roots must be trimmed before collecting seed. 
B) Since carrots build up so much beta-carotene, they do not devote many resources to seed development.A yellow carrot variety will produce better seeds than a darker one. 
C) Since carrots are related to wild weeds, they are often cross-pollinated.The green top must be bagged to ensure self-pollination. 
D) Biennials do not produce seed until the second year of growth.Although carrot roots are normally harvested after one season, they must be allowed to grow another year for seed collection. 
A) Since carrots produce large roots, they do not devote many resources to seed development.The roots must be trimmed before collecting seed. 
B) Since carrots build up so much beta-carotene, they do not devote many resources to seed development.A yellow carrot variety will produce better seeds than a darker one. 
C) Since carrots are related to wild weeds, they are often cross-pollinated.The green top must be bagged to ensure self-pollination. 
D) Biennials do not produce seed until the second year of growth.Although carrot roots are normally harvested after one season, they must be allowed to grow another year for seed collection.

Question 12

Which of these is not an example of coevolution between flowers and pollinating bees?

Accepted Answer

A) Bees have tongues to lap up nectar. 
B) Some bees are hairy to collect and carry pollen. 
C) Flowers have ultraviolet markings visible to bees but invisible to most other insects. 
D) Some flowers are bright red with long tubes to hold nectar. 
A) Bees have tongues to lap up nectar. 
B) Some bees are hairy to collect and carry pollen. 
C) Flowers have ultraviolet markings visible to bees but invisible to most other insects. 
D) Some flowers are bright red with long tubes to hold nectar.

Question 13

Angiosperms use which temporary reproductive structures that are not present in any other group of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) cones 
B) carpels 
C) receptacles 
D) flowers 
A) cones 
B) carpels 
C) receptacles 
D) flowers

Question 14

Early seed plants were pollinated by _______, as are present-day conifers.

Accepted Answer

A) beetles 
B) bees 
C) trilobites 
D) wind 
A) beetles 
B) bees 
C) trilobites 
D) wind

Question 15

"Germination" can refer to two different events:

Accepted Answer

A) the arrival of the pollen grain at the ovule, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
B) the development of the flower, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
C) the growth of the pollen tube into the embryo sac, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
D) the development of the fruit from the ovary, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
A) the arrival of the pollen grain at the ovule, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
B) the development of the flower, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
C) the growth of the pollen tube into the embryo sac, and the growth of the seedling from the seed. 
D) the development of the fruit from the ovary, and the growth of the seedling from the seed.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a feature of a seed?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains a protective coat formed from the outer layers of ovule cells. 
B) The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue or has cotyledons that contain nutritive tissue. 
C) It contains a large percentage of water to support the embryo. 
D) It is a complex structure that allows the embryo to be dispersed to distant sites. 
A) It contains a protective coat formed from the outer layers of ovule cells. 
B) The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue or has cotyledons that contain nutritive tissue. 
C) It contains a large percentage of water to support the embryo. 
D) It is a complex structure that allows the embryo to be dispersed to distant sites.

Question 17

Why can scratching or chipping the seed coat speed up the germination of hard-coated seeds like alfalfa?

Accepted Answer

A) The mechanical stress activates hydrolytic enzymes. 
B) Water and oxygen can enter the seed to reach the embryo more quickly. 
C) Carbon dioxide can enter the seed and stimulate photosynthesis. 
D) Bacteria or fungi can enter the seed and release growth factors. 
A) The mechanical stress activates hydrolytic enzymes. 
B) Water and oxygen can enter the seed to reach the embryo more quickly. 
C) Carbon dioxide can enter the seed and stimulate photosynthesis. 
D) Bacteria or fungi can enter the seed and release growth factors.

Question 18

What are plants that flower only once before they die, normally after two seasons of growth, called?

Accepted Answer

A) annuals 
B) biennials 
C) perennials 
D) monocots 
A) annuals 
B) biennials 
C) perennials 
D) monocots

Question 19

Some flowers have distinctive patterns that only reflect ultraviolet light and therefore are invisible to humans.Which statement about such markings is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The ultraviolet patterns are highly visible and attractive to bees. 
B) Carotenoid pigments are responsible for the ultraviolet patterns. 
C) The ultraviolet patterns often form a conspicuous central bull's eye or identify the best landing sites. 
D) The ultraviolet patterns repel birds and bats from the flowers. 
A) The ultraviolet patterns are highly visible and attractive to bees. 
B) Carotenoid pigments are responsible for the ultraviolet patterns. 
C) The ultraviolet patterns often form a conspicuous central bull's eye or identify the best landing sites. 
D) The ultraviolet patterns repel birds and bats from the flowers.

Question 20

How could you monitor flower determination in a plant that is mutant for all three class E SEP genes?

Accepted Answer

A) You cannot, because the class E mutant cannot make proper flowers. 
B) Look for formation of sepals and petals. 
C) Measure levels of SEP protein. 
D) Measure levels of LEAFY and AP1 proteins. 
A) You cannot, because the class E mutant cannot make proper flowers. 
B) Look for formation of sepals and petals. 
C) Measure levels of SEP protein. 
D) Measure levels of LEAFY and AP1 proteins.

Exam 41: Plant Reproduction

Flowering can be regulated by light, temperature, gibberellin levels, or internal factors.What do all of these different flowering pathways have in common?

What is the name of the meristematic tissue that gives rise to future vascular tissue?

Which of the following statements about the angiosperm embryo sac is FALSE?

Which of the following events is not a characteristic of successful seed germination?

Which step is NOT involved in the fertilization of angiosperm flowers?

In the ABC model of floral determination, a different combination of the three genes specifies each floral organ.Which gene works in combination with the other two?

Which of these structures does not begin development during embryogenesis?

Microspore mother cells produce microspores.What do microspores then develop into?

Heirloom plants are treasured for their flavorful produce and true-breeding progeny that allow gardeners to avoid repeatedly purchasing seed from agribusiness conglomerates.What special effort is required to save seed from heirloom biennials such as carrots?

Which of these is not an example of coevolution between flowers and pollinating bees?

Angiosperms use which temporary reproductive structures that are not present in any other group of plants?

Early seed plants were pollinated by _______, as are present-day conifers.

"Germination" can refer to two different events:

Which of the following is not a feature of a seed?

Why can scratching or chipping the seed coat speed up the germination of hard-coated seeds like alfalfa?

What are plants that flower only once before they die, normally after two seasons of growth, called?

Some flowers have distinctive patterns that only reflect ultraviolet light and therefore are invisible to humans.Which statement about such markings is NOT correct?

How could you monitor flower determination in a plant that is mutant for all three class E SEP genes?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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