Question 1

Which statement best describes the function of albumins?

Accepted Answer

A) They are the key substance in the formation of blood clots. 
B) They provide the nutrients needed to replicate erythrocytes. 
C) They transport lipids, playing a role in clotting and defending the body against foreign substances. 
D) They primarily affect the movement of fluid into capillaries by creating an osmotic gradient. 
E) They aid in the structural form of the erythrocyte. 
A) They are the key substance in the formation of blood clots. 
B) They provide the nutrients needed to replicate erythrocytes. 
C) They transport lipids, playing a role in clotting and defending the body against foreign substances. 
D) They primarily affect the movement of fluid into capillaries by creating an osmotic gradient. 
E) They aid in the structural form of the erythrocyte.

Question 2

What hematopoietic growth factor controls red blood cell synthesis, and what organ releases it?

Accepted Answer

A) erythropoietin, released by kidney 
B) transferrin, released by bone marrow 
C) calcitonin, released by kidney 
D) parathyroid hormone, released by parathyroid glands 
E) oxytocin, released by posterior pituitary 
A) erythropoietin, released by kidney 
B) transferrin, released by bone marrow 
C) calcitonin, released by kidney 
D) parathyroid hormone, released by parathyroid glands 
E) oxytocin, released by posterior pituitary

Question 3

Most coagulation factors are synthesized by what organ?

Accepted Answer

A) heart 
B) liver 
C) kidney 
D) bone marrow 
E) thymus 
A) heart 
B) liver 
C) kidney 
D) bone marrow 
E) thymus

Question 4

What type of leukocyte differentiates into macrophages in the tissues?

Accepted Answer

A) monocytes 
B) neutrophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) basophils 
E) eosinophils 
A) monocytes 
B) neutrophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) basophils 
E) eosinophils

Question 5

What type of leukocyte defends against parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

A) erythrocytes 
B) monocytes 
C) eosinophils 
D) basophils 
E) neutrophils 
A) erythrocytes 
B) monocytes 
C) eosinophils 
D) basophils 
E) neutrophils

Question 6

Low dosages of aspirin inhibit clotting by blocking the formation of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) factor VIII 
B) vitamin K 
C) factor X 
D) thrombin 
E) thromboxane A2 
A) factor VIII 
B) vitamin K 
C) factor X 
D) thrombin 
E) thromboxane A2

Question 7

Thrombin plays a direct role in

Accepted Answer

A) the production of prothrombin. 
B) the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. 
C) stimulating nitric oxide release. 
D) causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels. 
E) activating factor X. 
A) the production of prothrombin. 
B) the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. 
C) stimulating nitric oxide release. 
D) causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels. 
E) activating factor X.

Question 8

What triggers erythropoietin release?

Accepted Answer

A) damage to a blood vessel wall and subsequent exposure of collagen 
B) infection in the blood 
C) increased blood carbon dioxide levels 
D) infection in the tissues 
E) decreased blood oxygen levels 
A) damage to a blood vessel wall and subsequent exposure of collagen 
B) infection in the blood 
C) increased blood carbon dioxide levels 
D) infection in the tissues 
E) decreased blood oxygen levels

Question 9

In activated platelets, arachidonic acid is converted to _, which _ formation of blood clots.

Accepted Answer

A) thromboxane A2 : inhibits 
B) thromboxane A2 : stimulates 
C) prostacyclin : stimulates 
D) nitric oxide : inhibits 
E) prostacyclin : inhibits 
A) thromboxane A2 : inhibits 
B) thromboxane A2 : stimulates 
C) prostacyclin : stimulates 
D) nitric oxide : inhibits 
E) prostacyclin : inhibits

Question 10

What type of cell is the precursor for platelets?

Accepted Answer

A) megakaryocytes 
B) macrophages 
C) null cells 
D) neutrophils 
E) erythrocytes 
A) megakaryocytes 
B) macrophages 
C) null cells 
D) neutrophils 
E) erythrocytes

Question 11

A majority of the protein present within blood is synthesized within what organ?

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) kidneys 
C) skeletal muscles 
D) liver 
E) lungs 
A) central nervous system 
B) kidneys 
C) skeletal muscles 
D) liver 
E) lungs

Question 12

Protein C inhibits both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Coagulation factors continuously circulate in the blood in their inactive form.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The breakdown of bilirubin imparts the color in both feces and urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Some athletes, in order to gain an advantage over their competitors, participate in blood doping. This process increases the number of red blood cells in their cardiovascular systems and in turn delivers more oxygen to their metabolically active tissues. Which statement best describes how athletes' blood dope and the dangers associated with blood doping?

Accepted Answer

A) Athletes receive blood transfusions to increase the number of red blood cells and by doing so increase their chances of developing aids or hepatitis C. 
B) Leukocytes are injected because they are larger than red blood cells. However, they make the body more susceptible to infection. 
C) Colony- stimulating factors are injected to increase the number of red blood cells. Too many, however, can clog arteries, causing a heart attack. 
D) Erythropoietin is injected stimulating more red blood cell production. An increase in red blood cells increases the hematocrit which can increase blood pressure and weaken vessels making the chances of stroke increase. 
E) Hemoglobin is injected, increasing the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells. However, too much hemoglobin can cause hemolysis. 
A) Athletes receive blood transfusions to increase the number of red blood cells and by doing so increase their chances of developing aids or hepatitis C. 
B) Leukocytes are injected because they are larger than red blood cells. However, they make the body more susceptible to infection. 
C) Colony- stimulating factors are injected to increase the number of red blood cells. Too many, however, can clog arteries, causing a heart attack. 
D) Erythropoietin is injected stimulating more red blood cell production. An increase in red blood cells increases the hematocrit which can increase blood pressure and weaken vessels making the chances of stroke increase. 
E) Hemoglobin is injected, increasing the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells. However, too much hemoglobin can cause hemolysis.

Question 16

Anemia is caused by a low hematocrit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Collagen activates factor X.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

B cells and T cells fall under what category of leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) eosinophils 
B) basophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) monocytes 
E) neutrophils 
A) eosinophils 
B) basophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) monocytes 
E) neutrophils

Question 19

Which of the following chemicals involved in the development of a platelet plug is secreted by activated platelets in response to ADP?

Accepted Answer

A) arachidonic acid 
B) epinephrine 
C) thromboxane A2 
D) prostacyclin 
E) serotonin 
A) arachidonic acid 
B) epinephrine 
C) thromboxane A2 
D) prostacyclin 
E) serotonin

Question 20

What is the stoppage of bleeding called?

Accepted Answer

A) hemostasis 
B) fibrinostasis 
C) vasculostasis 
D) erythrostasis 
E) homeostasis 
A) hemostasis 
B) fibrinostasis 
C) vasculostasis 
D) erythrostasis 
E) homeostasis

Exam 15: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Which statement best describes the function of albumins?

What hematopoietic growth factor controls red blood cell synthesis, and what organ releases it?

Most coagulation factors are synthesized by what organ?

What type of leukocyte differentiates into macrophages in the tissues?

What type of leukocyte defends against parasitic infections?

Low dosages of aspirin inhibit clotting by blocking the formation of which of the following?

Thrombin plays a direct role in

What triggers erythropoietin release?

In activated platelets, arachidonic acid is converted to _, which _ formation of blood clots.

What type of cell is the precursor for platelets?

A majority of the protein present within blood is synthesized within what organ?

Protein C inhibits both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways.

Coagulation factors continuously circulate in the blood in their inactive form.

The breakdown of bilirubin imparts the color in both feces and urine.

Anemia is caused by a low hematocrit.

Collagen activates factor X.

B cells and T cells fall under what category of leukocytes?

Which of the following chemicals involved in the development of a platelet plug is secreted by activated platelets in response to ADP?

What is the stoppage of bleeding called?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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