Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following issues is a possible hindrance that must be overcome in order for this process to work properly?

Which of the following is not true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?

Use the figure to answer the following question. The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning, there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following statements provides a likely explanation?

How have DNA microarrays made a huge impact on genomic studies?

Use the following information to answer the question. Organisms share many conserved core processes and features, including transcription and translation, using a uniform genetic code. Scientists have used these shared processes and features in biotechnology. For example, for the process of some transformations, a plasmid is constructed when a eukaryotic gene of interest is added with an antibiotic resistant gene such as beta-lactamase, which is used for ampicillin resistance. This plasmid is then inserted into a prokaryotic bacterial cell, such as E. coli, through a transformation process that leads to the production of the product protein from the eukaryotic organism. To culture the bacteria and obtain the protein product, the bacteria must grow. Select the appropriate condition to determine if the plasmid has entered the E. coli bacterial cell.

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

In a comparison of two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes, one of the homologs carries the sequence 5′-AACTACGA-3′, and the other homolog carries the sequence 5′-AACTTCGA-3′. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. Which of the following statements correctly describes theses sequences?

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following findings is likely from this comparison?

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs) DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

Which of the following methods would be most successful in attempting to introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell?

Use the figure to answer the following question. Which of the following enzymes was used to produce the molecule of DNA in the figure?

In the form of gene therapy used successfully for severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, SCID-X1, how is the genetic engineering of human cells achieved?

Which of the following statements describes one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic in humans?

Which of the following statements correctly describes one of the main differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following characteristics of this gene?

RNAi methodology uses double-stranded pieces of RNA to trigger breakdown of a specific mRNA or inhibit its translation. For which of the following processes might this technique be useful?