Question 1

DNA technology has many medical applications. Which of the following is not done routinely at present?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of hormones for treating diabetes and dwarfism 
B)  analysis of gene expression for more informed cancer treatments 
C)  gene editing by the CRISPR-Cas9 system in viable human embryos to correct genetic diseases 
D)  prenatal identification of genetic disease alleles 
A)  production of hormones for treating diabetes and dwarfism 
B)  analysis of gene expression for more informed cancer treatments 
C)  gene editing by the CRISPR-Cas9 system in viable human embryos to correct genetic diseases 
D)  prenatal identification of genetic disease alleles

Question 2

Which of the following information or processes does gene therapy require?

Accepted Answer

A)  the knowledge and availability of the defective gene but not the normal allele 
B)  the ability to introduce the normal allele into the patient 
C)  the ability to express the introduced gene at any time in the tissue site within the patient 
D)  the ability to introduce a defective allele into a patient 
A)  the knowledge and availability of the defective gene but not the normal allele 
B)  the ability to introduce the normal allele into the patient 
C)  the ability to express the introduced gene at any time in the tissue site within the patient 
D)  the ability to introduce a defective allele into a patient

Question 3

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  They easily form colonies. 
B)  They can remove exons from mRNA. 
C)  They do not have plasmids. 
D)  They are eukaryotic cells. 
A)  They easily form colonies. 
B)  They can remove exons from mRNA. 
C)  They do not have plasmids. 
D)  They are eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  to separate different sized DNA fragments 
B)  to produce cDNA from mRNA 
C)  to sequence a DNA fragment 
D)  to visualize DNA expression 
A)  to separate different sized DNA fragments 
B)  to produce cDNA from mRNA 
C)  to sequence a DNA fragment 
D)  to visualize DNA expression

Question 5

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  SNP analysis 
B)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C)  electroporation 
D)  gel electrophoresis 
A)  SNP analysis 
B)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C)  electroporation 
D)  gel electrophoresis

Question 6

In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments. 
B)  the sticky end of a DNA fragment. 
C)  a SNP marker. 
D)  a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell. 
A)  the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments. 
B)  the sticky end of a DNA fragment. 
C)  a SNP marker. 
D)  a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell.

Question 7

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why was this the case with this clone?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cloning was done poorly and it was likely that some contaminating cat DNA became part of Carbon Copy's genome. 
B)  Fur color genes in cats is determined by differential acetylation patterns. 
C)  Cloned animals have been found to have a higher frequency of transposon activation. 
D)  X chromosome inactivation in the embryo is random and produces different patterns. 
A)  The cloning was done poorly and it was likely that some contaminating cat DNA became part of Carbon Copy's genome. 
B)  Fur color genes in cats is determined by differential acetylation patterns. 
C)  Cloned animals have been found to have a higher frequency of transposon activation. 
D)  X chromosome inactivation in the embryo is random and produces different patterns.

Question 8

How can a gene that contains introns be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes?

Accepted Answer

A)  using a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) to cut the gene into shorter pieces 
B)  using reverse transcriptase to reconstruct the gene from its mRNA 
C)  using DNA polymerase to reconstruct the gene from its polypeptide product 
D)  using DNA ligase to put together fragments of the DNA that code for a particular polypeptide 
A)  using a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) to cut the gene into shorter pieces 
B)  using reverse transcriptase to reconstruct the gene from its mRNA 
C)  using DNA polymerase to reconstruct the gene from its polypeptide product 
D)  using DNA ligase to put together fragments of the DNA that code for a particular polypeptide

Question 9

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-AATTCT 3′ 3′-TTAAGA-5′ 
B)  5′-AATATT-3′ 3′-TTATAA-5′ 
C)  5′-AAAATT-3′ 3′-TTTTAA-5′ 
D)  5′-ACTACT-3′ 3′-TGATGA-5′ 
A)  5′-AATTCT 3′ 3′-TTAAGA-5′ 
B)  5′-AATATT-3′ 3′-TTATAA-5′ 
C)  5′-AAAATT-3′ 3′-TTTTAA-5′ 
D)  5′-ACTACT-3′ 3′-TGATGA-5′

Question 10

What information is critical to the success of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA sequence of the ends of the DNA to be amplified must be known. 
B)  The complete DNA sequence of the DNA to be amplified must be known. 
C)  The sequence of restriction-enzyme recognition sites in the DNA to be amplified must be known. 
D)  The sequence of restriction-enzyme recognition sites in the DNA to be amplified and in the plasmid where the amplified DNA fragment will be cloned must be known. 
A)  The DNA sequence of the ends of the DNA to be amplified must be known. 
B)  The complete DNA sequence of the DNA to be amplified must be known. 
C)  The sequence of restriction-enzyme recognition sites in the DNA to be amplified must be known. 
D)  The sequence of restriction-enzyme recognition sites in the DNA to be amplified and in the plasmid where the amplified DNA fragment will be cloned must be known.

Question 11

In large scale, genome-wide association studies in humans, what types of genetic markers do researchers look for?

Accepted Answer

A)  lengthy sequences that might be shared by most members of a population 
B)  SNPs where one allele is found more often in persons with a particular disorder than in healthy controls 
C)  SNPs where one allele is found in families with a particular introns sequence 
D)  SNPs where one allele is found in two or more adjacent genes 
A)  lengthy sequences that might be shared by most members of a population 
B)  SNPs where one allele is found more often in persons with a particular disorder than in healthy controls 
C)  SNPs where one allele is found in families with a particular introns sequence 
D)  SNPs where one allele is found in two or more adjacent genes

Question 12

In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). To make this conversion, what has been done to the adult cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  A retrovirus is used to introduce four specific master regulatory genes. 
B)  The adult stem cells must be fused with embryonic cells. 
C)  Cytoplasm from embryonic cells is injected into the adult cells. 
D)  The nucleus of an embryonic cell is used to replace the nucleus of an adult cell. 
A)  A retrovirus is used to introduce four specific master regulatory genes. 
B)  The adult stem cells must be fused with embryonic cells. 
C)  Cytoplasm from embryonic cells is injected into the adult cells. 
D)  The nucleus of an embryonic cell is used to replace the nucleus of an adult cell.

Question 13

What is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses that makes them useful in gene therapy applications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retroviruses have an RNA genome. 
B)  Retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase. 
C)  DNA copies of retroviral genomes become integrated into the genome of the infected cell. 
D)  Retroviruses mutate often. 
A)  Retroviruses have an RNA genome. 
B)  Retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase. 
C)  DNA copies of retroviral genomes become integrated into the genome of the infected cell. 
D)  Retroviruses mutate often.

Question 14

Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of genetically engineered plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more difficult to develop than genetically engineered animals. 
B)  They include transgenic rice plants that can grow in water more salty than seawater. 
C)  They are used in research but not yet in commercial agricultural production. 
D)  They are banned throughout the world. 
A)  They are more difficult to develop than genetically engineered animals. 
B)  They include transgenic rice plants that can grow in water more salty than seawater. 
C)  They are used in research but not yet in commercial agricultural production. 
D)  They are banned throughout the world.

Question 15

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmid replication 
B)  bacterial cell reproduction 
C)  transformation 
D)  plasmid and bacterial cell reproduction 
A)  plasmid replication 
B)  bacterial cell reproduction 
C)  transformation 
D)  plasmid and bacterial cell reproduction

Question 16

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments 
B)  DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments 
C)  DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA 
D)  reverse transcriptase-production of cDNA from mRNA 
A)  electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments 
B)  DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments 
C)  DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA 
D)  reverse transcriptase-production of cDNA from mRNA

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi) silences selected genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop transcription from occurring. 
B)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop DNA replication from occurring. 
C)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules trigger the breakdown of a gene's messenger RNA. 
D)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop mitosis from occurring. 
A)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop transcription from occurring. 
B)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop DNA replication from occurring. 
C)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules trigger the breakdown of a gene's messenger RNA. 
D)  Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop mitosis from occurring.

Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

DNA technology has many medical applications. Which of the following is not done routinely at present?

Which of the following information or processes does gene therapy require?

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?

For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why was this the case with this clone?

How can a gene that contains introns be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes?

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme?

What information is critical to the success of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) itself?

In large scale, genome-wide association studies in humans, what types of genetic markers do researchers look for?

In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). To make this conversion, what has been done to the adult cells?

What is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses that makes them useful in gene therapy applications?

Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of genetically engineered plants?

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the following processes?

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi) silences selected genes?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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