Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it ________.

To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in mammals, atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross ________.

If the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, then ________.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n) ________.

Blood cells that function to fight infection are called ________.

A patient with a heart rate of 70 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat will have a cardiac output of ________.

What would be the consequence if we were to reverse the direction of water flow over the gills of a fish, moving water inward past the operculum, past the gills, then out the mouth? This reversal of water flow would ________.

Humans infected with some types of parasitic worms develop a condition called elephantiasis, which is characterized by swelling of the limbs. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of elephantiasis?

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize ________.

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with ________.

________ is a hormone that is released from the ________ to stimulate the production of red blood cells.

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

In order for blood to always flow unidirectionally through a closed circulatory system, the ________.

Cyanide poisons mitochondria by blocking the final step in the electron transport chain. Human red blood cells placed in an isotonic solution containing cyanide are likely to ________.

If a molecule of CO₂ released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following except

Which of the following conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) provides information about ________.

Although having evolved independently, the tracheal tubes of mammals and insects are both supported by rigid tissues. The trachea of a mammal is supported by cartilage, and the tracheae of an insect are supported by chitin. What selective pressure most likely led to the convergent evolution of these respiratory structures?

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water, causing some water to evaporate. Because the water has become warmer and saltier, ________.