Question 1

Describe the relationship between acids, bases, salts, and water, and explain how the pH scale is used to measure acidity and basicity.

Accepted Answer

Acids are substances that increase the c

Question 2

Plasma membranes must be in a fluid (liquid) state in order to function properly. Fluidity is temperature- dependent. Bacteria can regulate the specific lipid composition of their plasma membranes. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of saturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with both cooler and warmer growth temperatures. 
B)  The proportion of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with warmer growth temperatures. 
C)  The proportion of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with cooler growth temperatures. 
D)  The proportion of saturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with cooler growth temperatures while the proportion of unsaturated lipids will increase with warmer growth temperatures. 
E)  The proportion of saturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with cooler growth temperatures. 
A)  The proportion of saturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with both cooler and warmer growth temperatures. 
B)  The proportion of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with warmer growth temperatures. 
C)  The proportion of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with cooler growth temperatures. 
D)  The proportion of saturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with cooler growth temperatures while the proportion of unsaturated lipids will increase with warmer growth temperatures. 
E)  The proportion of saturated lipids in the plasma membrane will increase with cooler growth temperatures.

Question 3

Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are both molecules and compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. The proper way to write the molecular formula for glucose is 6C12H6O.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the four main groups of biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acids 
B)  carbohydrates 
C)  electrolytes 
D)  proteins 
E)  lipids 
A)  nucleic acids 
B)  carbohydrates 
C)  electrolytes 
D)  proteins 
E)  lipids

Question 6

The figure shown is an exergonic reaction because

Accepted Answer

A)  activation energy was required. 
B)  it is a decomposition reaction and the products have a lower final energy than the reactants. 
C)  it is a decomposition reaction. 
D)  the products have a lower final energy than the reactants. 
E)  activation energy was required and the products have a lower final energy than the reactants. 
A)  activation energy was required. 
B)  it is a decomposition reaction and the products have a lower final energy than the reactants. 
C)  it is a decomposition reaction. 
D)  the products have a lower final energy than the reactants. 
E)  activation energy was required and the products have a lower final energy than the reactants.

Question 7

A cation forms when an atom loses one or more negatively- charged electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the human genetic disease sickle cell anemia, a single change in the genetic sequence of the hemoglobin- beta gene results in the amino acid valine being substituted for the amino acid glutamic acid in the beta chain of the hemoglobin protein. Which level(s) of the protein structure will be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary structure 
B)  secondary structure 
C)  tertiary structure 
D)  quaternary structure 
E)  primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures 
A)  primary structure 
B)  secondary structure 
C)  tertiary structure 
D)  quaternary structure 
E)  primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 9

What information can you determine about the element nitrogen from the periodic table entry shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 7 and there are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom. 
B)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 14.007 and there are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom. 
C)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 7. 
D)  There are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom. 
E)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 14.007. 
A)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 7 and there are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom. 
B)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 14.007 and there are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom. 
C)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 7. 
D)  There are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom. 
E)  The atomic number for nitrogen is 14.007.

Question 10

In the figure shown, what does the dotted line represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer of the electron from the hydrogen atom to the nitrogen atom 
B)  sharing of electrons between the ammonia and water molecules 
C)  a Van der Waals interaction 
D)  an electrostatic interaction between the partially- positive hydrogen and the partially- negative nitrogen 
E)  an interaction between a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic molecule 
A)  transfer of the electron from the hydrogen atom to the nitrogen atom 
B)  sharing of electrons between the ammonia and water molecules 
C)  a Van der Waals interaction 
D)  an electrostatic interaction between the partially- positive hydrogen and the partially- negative nitrogen 
E)  an interaction between a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic molecule

Question 11

Acids increase the H+ concentration in a solution and so lower pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the biomolecules is incorrectly matched with its building block?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein: Amino acid 
B)  Lipid: Fatty acid 
C)  Lipid: Glycerol 
D)  Nucleic acid: Nucleotide 
E)  Carbohydrate: Polysaccharide 
A)  Protein: Amino acid 
B)  Lipid: Fatty acid 
C)  Lipid: Glycerol 
D)  Nucleic acid: Nucleotide 
E)  Carbohydrate: Polysaccharide

Question 13

In a polar covalent bond,

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons are shared unequally between two atoms. 
B)  electrons are transferred from one atom to another. 
C)  an acid and a base neutralize each other to form a salt. 
D)  electrons are shared unequally between more than two atoms. 
E)  electrons are shared equally between two atoms. 
A)  electrons are shared unequally between two atoms. 
B)  electrons are transferred from one atom to another. 
C)  an acid and a base neutralize each other to form a salt. 
D)  electrons are shared unequally between more than two atoms. 
E)  electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds

Accepted Answer

A)  form whenever hydrogen is involved in any covalent or ionic bond. 
B)  are involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids and form whenever hydrogen is involved in any covalent or ionic bond. 
C)  are responsible for the unique properties of water. 
D)  are responsible for the unique properties of water and are involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. 
E)  are involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. 
A)  form whenever hydrogen is involved in any covalent or ionic bond. 
B)  are involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids and form whenever hydrogen is involved in any covalent or ionic bond. 
C)  are responsible for the unique properties of water. 
D)  are responsible for the unique properties of water and are involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. 
E)  are involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 15

A phosphodiester bond links a fatty acid to a glycerol molecule to form a fat or an oil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A micelle is formed of

Accepted Answer

A)  both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. 
B)  hydrophilic molecules only. 
C)  amphipathic molecules where the hydrophobic portion faces toward the center. 
D)  amphipathic molecules where the hydrophilic portion faces toward the center. 
E)  hydrophobic molecules only. 
A)  both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. 
B)  hydrophilic molecules only. 
C)  amphipathic molecules where the hydrophobic portion faces toward the center. 
D)  amphipathic molecules where the hydrophilic portion faces toward the center. 
E)  hydrophobic molecules only.

Question 17

What type of reaction does the figure show?

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposition and hydrolysis 
B)  dehydration synthesis 
C)  dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis 
D)  decomposition 
E)  hydrolysis 
A)  decomposition and hydrolysis 
B)  dehydration synthesis 
C)  dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis 
D)  decomposition 
E)  hydrolysis

Question 18

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Base: Release hydroxide ions (OH- ) in an aqueous solution 
B)  pH: Measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution 
C)  Acid: Release hydrogen ions (H+) in an aqueous solution 
D)  Salt: Formed by the combination of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH- ) 
E)  Water: Is the solvent in aqueous solutions 
A)  Base: Release hydroxide ions (OH- ) in an aqueous solution 
B)  pH: Measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution 
C)  Acid: Release hydrogen ions (H+) in an aqueous solution 
D)  Salt: Formed by the combination of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH- ) 
E)  Water: Is the solvent in aqueous solutions

Question 19

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of neutrons found in the nucleus. 
B)  the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus. 
C)  the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus. 
D)  the number of protons and electrons found in the atom. 
E)  the number of protons found in the nucleus. 
A)  the number of neutrons found in the nucleus. 
B)  the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus. 
C)  the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus. 
D)  the number of protons and electrons found in the atom. 
E)  the number of protons found in the nucleus.

Question 20

Electrolytes

Accepted Answer

A)  are ionic compounds dissolved in solution. 
B)  include acids, bases, and salts. 
C)  include acids, bases, and salts, are ionic compounds dissolved in solution and are involved in regulating the nervous system, heartbeat, blood volume and water balance in the body. 
D)  are ionic compounds dissolved in solution and are involved in regulating the nervous system, heartbeat, blood volume and water balance in the body. 
E)  are involved in regulating the nervous system, heartbeat, blood volume and water balance in the body. 
A)  are ionic compounds dissolved in solution. 
B)  include acids, bases, and salts. 
C)  include acids, bases, and salts, are ionic compounds dissolved in solution and are involved in regulating the nervous system, heartbeat, blood volume and water balance in the body. 
D)  are ionic compounds dissolved in solution and are involved in regulating the nervous system, heartbeat, blood volume and water balance in the body. 
E)  are involved in regulating the nervous system, heartbeat, blood volume and water balance in the body.

Describe the relationship between acids, bases, salts, and water, and explain how the pH scale is used to measure acidity and basicity.

Plasma membranes must be in a fluid (liquid) state in order to function properly. Fluidity is temperature- dependent. Bacteria can regulate the specific lipid composition of their plasma membranes. Which of the following statements is true?

Water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are both molecules and compounds.

A molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. The proper way to write the molecular formula for glucose is 6C₁₂H₆O.

Which of the following is not one of the four main groups of biomolecules?

The figure shown is an exergonic reaction because

A cation forms when an atom loses one or more negatively- charged electrons.

What information can you determine about the element nitrogen from the periodic table entry shown?

In the figure shown, what does the dotted line represent?

Acids increase the H+ concentration in a solution and so lower pH.

Which of the biomolecules is incorrectly matched with its building block?

In a polar covalent bond,

Hydrogen bonds

A phosphodiester bond links a fatty acid to a glycerol molecule to form a fat or an oil.

A micelle is formed of

What type of reaction does the figure show?

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in

Electrolytes

Introduction to Microbiology

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

Filters

Exam 2: Biochemistry Basics

Describe the relationship between acids, bases, salts, and water, and explain how the pH scale is used to measure acidity and basicity.

Plasma membranes must be in a fluid (liquid) state in order to function properly. Fluidity is temperature- dependent. Bacteria can regulate the specific lipid composition of their plasma membranes. Which of the following statements is true?

Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are both molecules and compounds.

A molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. The proper way to write the molecular formula for glucose is 6C12H6O.

Which of the following is not one of the four main groups of biomolecules?

The figure shown is an exergonic reaction because

A cation forms when an atom loses one or more negatively- charged electrons.

What information can you determine about the element nitrogen from the periodic table entry shown?

In the figure shown, what does the dotted line represent?

Acids increase the H+ concentration in a solution and so lower pH.

Which of the biomolecules is incorrectly matched with its building block?

In a polar covalent bond,

Hydrogen bonds

A phosphodiester bond links a fatty acid to a glycerol molecule to form a fat or an oil.

A micelle is formed of

What type of reaction does the figure show?

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in

Electrolytes

Introduction to Microbiology

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

Filters

Water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are both molecules and compounds.

A molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. The proper way to write the molecular formula for glucose is 6C₁₂H₆O.