Question 1

What is the first event during allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a geographic separation of two populations 
B)  a hybridization event 
C)  a competitive exclusion 
D)  a disruptive selection 
A)  a geographic separation of two populations 
B)  a hybridization event 
C)  a competitive exclusion 
D)  a disruptive selection

Question 2

What is the definition of a species cluster?

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of closely related species with a common ancestor 
B)  a group of species that developed host races 
C)  a group of species that exhibit polyploidy 
D)  a group of totally unrelated species living in a common habitat 
A)  a group of closely related species with a common ancestor 
B)  a group of species that developed host races 
C)  a group of species that exhibit polyploidy 
D)  a group of totally unrelated species living in a common habitat

Question 3

What did some of the work with Hawaiian fruit flies illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioural isolation 
B)  the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation 
C)  the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioural isolation 
D)  the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation 
A)  the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioural isolation 
B)  the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation 
C)  the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioural isolation 
D)  the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation

Question 4

What do abrupt genetic changes that quickly lead to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals likely lead to?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  extinction 
D)  mutation 
A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  extinction 
D)  mutation

Question 5

What are polyploid individuals that arise from chromosome duplications within a single species called?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopolyploids 
B)  tetraploids 
C)  triploids 
D)  autopolyploids 
A)  allopolyploids 
B)  tetraploids 
C)  triploids 
D)  autopolyploids

Question 6

What is the definition of allopolyploidy?

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic divergence that results in nonviable offspring 
B)  an increase in chromosome number due to hybridization of different species 
C)  a decrease in chromosome number within a single species 
D)  a decrease in chromosome number due to hybridization of different species 
A)  a genetic divergence that results in nonviable offspring 
B)  an increase in chromosome number due to hybridization of different species 
C)  a decrease in chromosome number within a single species 
D)  a decrease in chromosome number due to hybridization of different species

Question 7

Individuals from different subspecies usually interbreed where their geographic distributions meet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following combinations represent prezygotic mechanisms of isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid breakdown and temporal isolation 
B)  mechanical and temporal isolation 
C)  hybrid sterility and temporal isolation 
D)  hybrid breakdown and gametic isolation 
A)  hybrid breakdown and temporal isolation 
B)  mechanical and temporal isolation 
C)  hybrid sterility and temporal isolation 
D)  hybrid breakdown and gametic isolation

Question 9

What is a ring species?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is one where a clinal variation occurs. 
B)  It is one where all of the various populations can successfully mate in nature. 
C)  It is one where an area's climate interferes with speciation. 
D)  It is one where only intermediary populations can mate successfully. 
A)  It is one where a clinal variation occurs. 
B)  It is one where all of the various populations can successfully mate in nature. 
C)  It is one where an area's climate interferes with speciation. 
D)  It is one where only intermediary populations can mate successfully.

Question 10

Sympatric speciation often occurs in animals through polyploidy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Define a species cluster and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

A species cluster is a group of closely

Question 12

What is a hybrid zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  an area where no hybrids exist 
B)  an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, fertile offspring 
C)  an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, infertile offspring 
D)  an area where two populations may breed and produce viable, fertile offspring 
A)  an area where no hybrids exist 
B)  an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, fertile offspring 
C)  an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, infertile offspring 
D)  an area where two populations may breed and produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 13

How would an example of the morphological species concept be achieved?

Accepted Answer

A)  by doing a genetic analysis on the two organisms 
B)  by looking at the appearance of two organisms 
C)  by mating the two organisms to see if viable offspring result 
D)  by observing the mating rituals of the two organisms 
A)  by doing a genetic analysis on the two organisms 
B)  by looking at the appearance of two organisms 
C)  by mating the two organisms to see if viable offspring result 
D)  by observing the mating rituals of the two organisms

Question 14

The biological species concept cannot be used to distinguish between species that are extant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the situation in which two organisms do not mate due to the fact that they mate at different times of the year?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioural isolation 
B)  temporal isolation 
C)  mechanical isolation 
D)  ecological isolation 
A)  behavioural isolation 
B)  temporal isolation 
C)  mechanical isolation 
D)  ecological isolation

Question 16

Which of the following would be an example of mechanical isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  two organisms that are pollinated by different insects 
B)  two organisms that have different habitats 
C)  two organisms that have incompatible gametes 
D)  two organisms that have different mating rituals 
A)  two organisms that are pollinated by different insects 
B)  two organisms that have different habitats 
C)  two organisms that have incompatible gametes 
D)  two organisms that have different mating rituals

Question 17

When does a host race develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  when an organism's genes for the host plant choice change 
B)  when an organism's genes for mating preferences change 
C)  when an organism's genes for the host plant choice change and genes for mating preferences change 
D)  when an organism's genes for mating preferences change and geographical barriers exist 
A)  when an organism's genes for the host plant choice change 
B)  when an organism's genes for mating preferences change 
C)  when an organism's genes for the host plant choice change and genes for mating preferences change 
D)  when an organism's genes for mating preferences change and geographical barriers exist

Question 18

Which of the following concepts is used for examining speciation by reconstructing the evolutionary tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological species concept 
B)  examination of ring species 
C)  examination of clinal variation 
D)  phylogenetic species concept 
A)  biological species concept 
B)  examination of ring species 
C)  examination of clinal variation 
D)  phylogenetic species concept

Question 19

Polyploid plants are often unhealthy as compared to other plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What does polyploidy refer to, and where does it most often occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
B)  It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals. 
C)  It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
D)  It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals. 
A)  It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
B)  It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals. 
C)  It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
D)  It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals.

Exam 18: Speciation and Macroevolution

What is the first event during allopatric speciation?

What is the definition of a species cluster?

What did some of the work with Hawaiian fruit flies illustrate?

What do abrupt genetic changes that quickly lead to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals likely lead to?

What are polyploid individuals that arise from chromosome duplications within a single species called?

What is the definition of allopolyploidy?

Individuals from different subspecies usually interbreed where their geographic distributions meet.

Which of the following combinations represent prezygotic mechanisms of isolation?

What is a ring species?

Sympatric speciation often occurs in animals through polyploidy.

Define a species cluster and provide an example.

What is a hybrid zone?

How would an example of the morphological species concept be achieved?

The biological species concept cannot be used to distinguish between species that are extant.

Which of the following best describes the situation in which two organisms do not mate due to the fact that they mate at different times of the year?

Which of the following would be an example of mechanical isolation?

When does a host race develop?

Which of the following concepts is used for examining speciation by reconstructing the evolutionary tree?

Polyploid plants are often unhealthy as compared to other plants.

What does polyploidy refer to, and where does it most often occur?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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