Question 1

Unreduced gametes are those that contain additional chromosome numbers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

How did researchers establish the connection between chimpanzees and humans?

Accepted Answer

Researchers examined the chromosomes of

Question 3

What may be a feature of the organisms in a clinal variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They look identical. 
B)  They do not have a normal lifespan. 
C)  They vary in appearance due to adaptations to different environments. 
D)  They vary in appearance due to human interference. 
A)  They look identical. 
B)  They do not have a normal lifespan. 
C)  They vary in appearance due to adaptations to different environments. 
D)  They vary in appearance due to human interference.

Question 4

What is the reason for reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postzygotic mechanisms reinforce species isolation. 
B)  Prezygotic mechanisms reinforce species isolation. 
C)  Prezygotic mechanisms reinforce postzygotic barriers. 
D)  Postzygotic mechanisms reinforce prezygotic barriers. 
A)  Postzygotic mechanisms reinforce species isolation. 
B)  Prezygotic mechanisms reinforce species isolation. 
C)  Prezygotic mechanisms reinforce postzygotic barriers. 
D)  Postzygotic mechanisms reinforce prezygotic barriers.

Question 5

A sterile hybrid plant can form a fertile new species if its chromosomes are doubled. What is this referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A)  an allopatric speciation 
B)  cladogenesis 
C)  a hybrid zone 
D)  sympatric speciation 
A)  an allopatric speciation 
B)  cladogenesis 
C)  a hybrid zone 
D)  sympatric speciation

Question 6

Reinforcement enhances prezygotic isolation that had begun to develop while the populations were sympatric.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is an allopolyploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  a polyploid that arose from a hybrid individual 
B)  an allopatrically arising species 
C)  a polyploid arising from a single diploid individual 
D)  any sympatrically arising species 
A)  a polyploid that arose from a hybrid individual 
B)  an allopatrically arising species 
C)  a polyploid arising from a single diploid individual 
D)  any sympatrically arising species

Question 8

Which of the following produces a tetraploid zygote?

Accepted Answer

A)  division of one tetraploid adult organism 
B)  fertilization of one tetraploid gamete by another 
C)  fertilization of one diploid gamete by another. 
D)  division of one quadruploid adult organism 
A)  division of one tetraploid adult organism 
B)  fertilization of one tetraploid gamete by another 
C)  fertilization of one diploid gamete by another. 
D)  division of one quadruploid adult organism

Question 9

In which organisms is polyploidy a common mechanism of sympatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  in mammals in general 
B)  in birds in general 
C)  in rodents 
D)  in plants 
A)  in mammals in general 
B)  in birds in general 
C)  in rodents 
D)  in plants

Question 10

What did hybridization and polyploidy lead to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the evolution of mallard ducks 
B)  the evolution of common bread wheat 
C)  the evolution of apple maggots 
D)  the evolution of bent grass 
A)  the evolution of mallard ducks 
B)  the evolution of common bread wheat 
C)  the evolution of apple maggots 
D)  the evolution of bent grass

Question 11

Why is reproductive isolation central to the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept defines s

Question 12

Which ability of individuals within the species does the biological species concept primarily rely on?

Accepted Answer

A)  to adapt to the environment 
B)  to have greater longevity 
C)  to live in a variety of habitats 
D)  to produce fertile offspring when mating with one another 
A)  to adapt to the environment 
B)  to have greater longevity 
C)  to live in a variety of habitats 
D)  to produce fertile offspring when mating with one another

Question 13

What is a mule an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid breakdown 
B)  hybrid inviability 
C)  hybrid sterility 
D)  mechanical isolation 
A)  hybrid breakdown 
B)  hybrid inviability 
C)  hybrid sterility 
D)  mechanical isolation

Question 14

What is formed when a gamete receives the same number of chromosomes as a somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A reduced gamete is formed and allopolyploidy is present. 
B)  A reduced gamete is formed and autopolyploidy is present. 
C)  An unreduced gamete is formed and autopolyploidy is present. 
D)  An unreduced gamete is formed and allopolyploidy is present. 
A)  A reduced gamete is formed and allopolyploidy is present. 
B)  A reduced gamete is formed and autopolyploidy is present. 
C)  An unreduced gamete is formed and autopolyploidy is present. 
D)  An unreduced gamete is formed and allopolyploidy is present.

Question 15

What type of isolation is it if two species of lizards do not mate because their mating rituals differ greatly?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioural isolation 
B)  ecological isolation 
C)  gametic isolation 
D)  mechanical isolation 
A)  behavioural isolation 
B)  ecological isolation 
C)  gametic isolation 
D)  mechanical isolation

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common polyploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  broccoli 
B)  coffee 
C)  oat 
D)  potato 
A)  broccoli 
B)  coffee 
C)  oat 
D)  potato

Question 17

If a hybrid organism has a shorter lifespan, which situation may result?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  hybrid zones 
C)  parapatric speciation 
D)  sympatric speciation 
A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  hybrid zones 
C)  parapatric speciation 
D)  sympatric speciation

Question 18

The apple maggot was used as an example of allopatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Why do some Drosophila reject the sperm of another species?

Accepted Answer

A)  because of a gametic isolation 
B)  because of a hybrid breakdown 
C)  because of a hybrid inviability 
D)  because of a mechanical isolation 
A)  because of a gametic isolation 
B)  because of a hybrid breakdown 
C)  because of a hybrid inviability 
D)  because of a mechanical isolation

Question 20

What happens with the individuals when geographic variation occurs among the members of a species?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be mistaken for separate species. 
B)  They cannot mate successfully. 
C)  They cannot produce offspring with intermediate characteristics. 
D)  They may be from different subpopulations. 
A)  They may be mistaken for separate species. 
B)  They cannot mate successfully. 
C)  They cannot produce offspring with intermediate characteristics. 
D)  They may be from different subpopulations.

Exam 18: Speciation and Macroevolution

Unreduced gametes are those that contain additional chromosome numbers.

How did researchers establish the connection between chimpanzees and humans?

What may be a feature of the organisms in a clinal variation?

What is the reason for reinforcement?

A sterile hybrid plant can form a fertile new species if its chromosomes are doubled. What is this referred to as?

Reinforcement enhances prezygotic isolation that had begun to develop while the populations were sympatric.

What is an allopolyploid?

Which of the following produces a tetraploid zygote?

In which organisms is polyploidy a common mechanism of sympatric speciation?

What did hybridization and polyploidy lead to?

Why is reproductive isolation central to the biological species concept?

Which ability of individuals within the species does the biological species concept primarily rely on?

What is a mule an example of?

What is formed when a gamete receives the same number of chromosomes as a somatic cell?

What type of isolation is it if two species of lizards do not mate because their mating rituals differ greatly?

Which of the following is NOT a common polyploid?

If a hybrid organism has a shorter lifespan, which situation may result?

The apple maggot was used as an example of allopatric speciation.

Why do some Drosophila reject the sperm of another species?

What happens with the individuals when geographic variation occurs among the members of a species?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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