Question 1

Which of the following describes the direction in which nucleotides are added onto a growing DNA strand during DNA replication in cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the 3' 
B)  in the 5' 
C)  in the 5'. 
D)  in either the 5' 
A)  in the 3' 
B)  in the 5' 
C)  in the 5'. 
D)  in either the 5'

Question 2

Figure 11-2  
-In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled C represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  helicase 
B)  single-stranded binding protein 
C)  primase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  helicase 
B)  single-stranded binding protein 
C)  primase 
D)  DNA ligase

Question 3

How are the two strands in DNA's double helix held to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  by hydrophobic interactions 
B)  by hydrogen bonds 
C)  by ionic bonds 
D)  by phosphodiester bonds 
A)  by hydrophobic interactions 
B)  by hydrogen bonds 
C)  by ionic bonds 
D)  by phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

Which of the following molecules is a pyrimidine?

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine 
B)  phosphate 
C)  uracil 
D)  adenine 
A)  guanine 
B)  phosphate 
C)  uracil 
D)  adenine

Question 5

Suppose you take a cell from an adult cow and attempt to produce a clone of that cow. Also suppose that, for some reason, telomerase is NOT functioning in that cell or in any cell that comes from it. What would you expect to happen with the clone?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lack of telomerase should have no effect on the clone. 
B)  When the clone grows up, it will most likely have cancer. 
C)  The cell will never be able to divide at all. 
D)  The cell may divide, but after a certain number of divisions, cell division will stop. 
A)  The lack of telomerase should have no effect on the clone. 
B)  When the clone grows up, it will most likely have cancer. 
C)  The cell will never be able to divide at all. 
D)  The cell may divide, but after a certain number of divisions, cell division will stop.

Question 6

What is the ultimate source of variability in offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Okazaki fragments 
B)  DNA repairs 
C)  nucleosomes 
D)  mutations 
A)  Okazaki fragments 
B)  DNA repairs 
C)  nucleosomes 
D)  mutations

Question 7

Figure 11-2  
-In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled B represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase 
B)  helicase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  primase 
B)  helicase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  DNA ligase

Question 8

How do DNA repair enzymes typically find mismatched base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  by scanning for Okazaki fragments 
B)  by scanning for distortions in the newly synthesized chain 
C)  by scanning for missing hydrogen bonds 
D)  by scanning for unsealed nicks in the DNA strands 
A)  by scanning for Okazaki fragments 
B)  by scanning for distortions in the newly synthesized chain 
C)  by scanning for missing hydrogen bonds 
D)  by scanning for unsealed nicks in the DNA strands

Question 9

Figure 11-2  
-In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled D represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded binding protein 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  primase 
D)  helicase 
A)  single-stranded binding protein 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  primase 
D)  helicase

Question 10

If protein was the genetic material, where in the Hershey and Chase experiment would you expect to find radioactivity when phage contained 35S-labelled protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the bacterial cell 
B)  in the phage progeny 
C)  in the phage spikes 
D)  in the phage coat 
A)  in the bacterial cell 
B)  in the phage progeny 
C)  in the phage spikes 
D)  in the phage coat

Question 11

What closes nicks between DNA fragments, forming a covalent bond that ties or joins the fragments together?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ligase 
B)  helicase 
C)  topoisomerase 
D)  primase 
A)  DNA ligase 
B)  helicase 
C)  topoisomerase 
D)  primase

Question 12

Which process provides the energy needed for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  the breaking of the hydrogen bonds between base pairs 
B)  the DNA polymerase 
C)  the unwinding of the DNA double helix 
D)  the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate 
A)  the breaking of the hydrogen bonds between base pairs 
B)  the DNA polymerase 
C)  the unwinding of the DNA double helix 
D)  the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate

Question 13

Suppose that a mistake made during DNA replication in a cell is not corrected, but instead the mutation remains in the single strand where it occurred. Then suppose that after the cell divides, both daughter cells survive, and those cells then go on to have DNA replication, and ultimately cell division. Four cells now exist where there once was one cell. Assume that the mistake was never corrected and that no other mistakes occurred. How many of the four cells will have the mutation in their DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  2 
C)  1 
D)  0 
A)  3 
B)  2 
C)  1 
D)  0

Question 14

The complete genome has been sequenced from an old horse. How old is this genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 000 years 
B)  700 000 years 
C)  800 000 years 
D)  900 000 years 
A)  500 000 years 
B)  700 000 years 
C)  800 000 years 
D)  900 000 years

Question 15

Match each researcher or set of researchers with the discovery or experiment each is associated with.
-showed that a transforming principle from heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae could be used to make the R strain virulent

Accepted Answer

A) Watson and Crick 
B) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
C) Frederick Griffith 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Meselson and Stahl 
A) Watson and Crick 
B) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
C) Frederick Griffith 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Meselson and Stahl

Question 16

Which of the following is correct about DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA on a chromosome is never replicated continuously along its entire length. 
B)  DNA on a chromosome is replicated discontinuously at both ends of the replication fork. 
C)  DNA on a chromosome is replicated continuously at both ends of the replication fork. 
D)  DNA on a chromosome is replicated continuously at one fork but discontinuously at the other fork. 
A)  DNA on a chromosome is never replicated continuously along its entire length. 
B)  DNA on a chromosome is replicated discontinuously at both ends of the replication fork. 
C)  DNA on a chromosome is replicated continuously at both ends of the replication fork. 
D)  DNA on a chromosome is replicated continuously at one fork but discontinuously at the other fork.

Question 17

More than 90% of cancer cells have fully active telomerase enzymes. Explain how that might play a role in enabling cancer cells to keep rapidly dividing.

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells are characterized by their

Question 18

When RNA primers are added, what do they provide to DNA polymerase that is essential to its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  a free 3' OH 
B)  partially double stranded DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  a free 5' phosphate 
A)  a free 3' OH 
B)  partially double stranded DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  a free 5' phosphate

Question 19

Prior to 1940, which type of molecule did scientists consider to be the best candidate for the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein molecule 
B)  a carbohydrate molecule 
C)  a DNA molecule 
D)  a lipid molecule 
A)  a protein molecule 
B)  a carbohydrate molecule 
C)  a DNA molecule 
D)  a lipid molecule

Question 20

Why are fossils of woolly mammoths important for learning about genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide useful data about permafrost. 
B)  They provide useful data to understand extinction. 
C)  They provide useful morphological data. 
D)  They provide useful samples of ancient molecules. 
A)  They provide useful data about permafrost. 
B)  They provide useful data to understand extinction. 
C)  They provide useful morphological data. 
D)  They provide useful samples of ancient molecules.

Exam 11: DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Which of the following describes the direction in which nucleotides are added onto a growing DNA strand during DNA replication in cells?

Figure 11-2 -In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled C represent?

How are the two strands in DNA's double helix held to each other?

Which of the following molecules is a pyrimidine?

Suppose you take a cell from an adult cow and attempt to produce a clone of that cow. Also suppose that, for some reason, telomerase is NOT functioning in that cell or in any cell that comes from it. What would you expect to happen with the clone?

What is the ultimate source of variability in offspring?

Figure 11-2 -In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled B represent?

How do DNA repair enzymes typically find mismatched base pairs?

Figure 11-2 -In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled D represent?

If protein was the genetic material, where in the Hershey and Chase experiment would you expect to find radioactivity when phage contained 35S-labelled protein?

What closes nicks between DNA fragments, forming a covalent bond that ties or joins the fragments together?

Which process provides the energy needed for DNA replication?

The complete genome has been sequenced from an old horse. How old is this genome?

Match each researcher or set of researchers with the discovery or experiment each is associated with. -showed that a transforming principle from heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae could be used to make the R strain virulent

Which of the following is correct about DNA replication?

More than 90% of cancer cells have fully active telomerase enzymes. Explain how that might play a role in enabling cancer cells to keep rapidly dividing.

When RNA primers are added, what do they provide to DNA polymerase that is essential to its function?

Prior to 1940, which type of molecule did scientists consider to be the best candidate for the genetic material?

Why are fossils of woolly mammoths important for learning about genetic material?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

If protein was the genetic material, where in the Hershey and Chase experiment would you expect to find radioactivity when phage contained ³⁵S-labelled protein?