Exam 5: Learning

After graduating from college, you are hired to work in a factory as an industrial psychologist. The workers assemble iPads. They can either be paid by the hour or by the number of iPads they assemble in a day. You decide that you will do the latter (pay by the number of iPads put together). According to Skinner, you have put the workers on a fixed ratio schedule.

Who is MOST closely associated with the law of effect?

Learning that depends on mental processes that are not able to be observed directly is called __________ learning.

When Pavlov placed food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) __________.

Josie has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

Describe Pavlov's classical conditioning studies in terms of the UCS, UCR, CS, CR and his results. Briefly discuss two examples of classical conditioning in your own life, naming the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.

Daniel is trying to teach his daughter, Mollie, to bake a cake by watching him. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?

As she walked through her neighborhood, Posie, a 6-year-old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Posie now cries when she sees any dog-big or small, brown or black, etc. This illustrates which of the following concepts?

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!" phenomenon?

Distinguish between the concepts of punishment by application and punishment by removal.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a __________ reinforcer.

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half-hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to __________.

Nagging someone to do something until he or she does it is an example of __________.

What is instinctive drift and how did the Brelands discover it?

Archie and Eve take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Archie or Eve gets in their son's face and loudly yells, "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Research suggests that delayed reinforcement is __________ immediate reinforcement.

Finn is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when he picks up his fork. This is an example of __________ reinforcement.

Reinforcing behaviors that more closely resemble a final, terminal behavior is called __________.

How does one know that he or she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Define learning. Given this definition, what types of behaviors would NOT be considered learning? How does the concept of instinctive drift relate to these examples? What types of behaviors would be included?