Exam 5: Learning

On a fixed ratio schedule, reinforcement is given __________.

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a(n) __________.

Cora gives her granddaughter a cookie because the child cleaned her room. In this example, the cookie is a __________.

Which of the following is TRUE of research on insight?

Henry watches his mother make pancakes. He wants to please his mother so he pays attention. However, when he goes to make them on his own, he can't break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor, no matter how hard he tries. Henry's attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning?

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as it hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the __________ is the conditioned stimulus.

While watching the evening news, you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder, "Why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman, one factor that may contribute to victims staying in abusive relationships is __________.

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on __________.

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Corky's mouth waters when he sees Ball Park Franks, but not when he sees other brands of franks. This response is an example of __________.

Madison has noticed how some of her friends have lost weight and gotten trim by exercising 1 to 2 hours each day. However, she has no plans to imitate their behavior. What component of Bandura's model of observational learning will explain why Madison has not started a similar weight-loss program?

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is __________ and thus __________ the probability of a response.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses will be __________ a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response).

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will increase is called a(n) __________.

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

One of the best-known examples of classical conditioning in humans was the Little Albert study, conducted by __________.

Some researchers believe that classical conditioning takes place only because the pairing of the __________.

Axel must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called __________.

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the __________.