Exam 5: Learning

Zoe is grounded for coming home after curfew. Additionally, her parents have taken away her cell phone for a month. Losing her cell phone privileges is an example of __________.

In Pavlov's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food formed the __________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods. Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour. The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of __________.

A discriminative stimulus is typically viewed as __________.

After a CS comes to elicit the CR, the CS now can be paired with a new neutral stimulus and this second neutral stimulus will start to elicit a CR. This process is called __________.

Rachel, an adult who has an intellectual disability, has just received a "token." Based on this information, it is most reasonable to assume that Rachel __________.

Cognitive maps are __________.

As an infant, Isla received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of __________.

On a variable interval schedule, reinforcement is given __________.

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with __________.

The abbreviation UCR stands for __________.

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is __________ and thus __________ the probability of a response.

The abbreviation UCS stands for __________.

Luis gets paid every 2 weeks. In one 2-week period, he works a total of 20 hours. During another 2-week period, he works a total of 50 hours. Regardless of the total number of hours he works each week, he is paid every 2 weeks. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

The abbreviation CS stands for __________.

In Bandura's study of observational learning, the abbreviation AMID stands for __________.

Tristan noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry and excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n) __________.

Professor Abboud told her students that if her door was closed it meant that she was unavailable to them and would be angry if they knocked on her door. But if her door was open, it meant that she was in a rare good mood and would answer questions at that time. Professor Abboud's door being open was a __________ for __________.

Why is learning described as a "relatively permanent" change?