Exam 5: Learning

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Gabriella wanted to help her father prepare breakfast. She had watched him crack eggs into a bowl many times, paying careful attention to how he did it. But when she went to crack her own eggs, they smashed into many pieces. Which of the following elements of observational learning was Gabriella's problem?

In Watson and Rayner's experiment with "Little Albert," the conditioned stimulus (CS) was __________.

Positive reinforcement is to __________ as negative reinforcement is to __________.

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called __________.

A reinforcer is a consequence that __________ a behavior, while a punishment is a consequence that __________ a behavior.

Changing behavior through the reinforcement of partial responses is called __________.

On a fixed ratio schedule, reinforcement is given for the __________.

Unlike other schedules of reinforcement, __________ results in a "scalloped" pattern of responses on a cumulative frequency graph.

Thorndike is to __________ as Skinner is to __________.

In classical conditioning, one must pair the __________ before conditioning can occur.