Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

Little Albert's acquired fear of a white rat was a classic example of a __________ response.

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n) __________.

Seligman's concept of learned helplessness has been extended into the field of psychopathology to explain the emergence of schizophrenia in late adolescence.

Which of the following statements about positive reinforcers is accurate?

Given its role in either amplifying or decreasing the intensity of different types of signal inputs, __________ is the neurotransmitter that may be involved in the process of reinforcement.

The foremost proponent of observational learning theory is __________.

Josie has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning, that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________ and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Catching fish when fishing in a lake would most likely represent which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Mia is sometimes loud and disruptive in class, and her teacher thinks she acts this way when she wants attention. The teacher worries that yelling at Mia might serve as a positive reinforcer for her bad behavior because it is giving Mia the attention she wants. One behavior modification that might help with this child is use of __________.

Maisie spends a lot of time at the race track betting on ponies, and occasionally she wins. The frequency of her betting is controlled by which of the following?

Thorndike was known for his work with __________.

Milo flinches after seeing lightning because in previous instances the lightning was followed by thunder, which scared him. In this scenario, flinching to the lightning can be interpreted as being a(n) __________.

Timmy is watching TV. In one show, he sees a bully steal a lunch from another child. The bully then enjoys eating the other child's lunch. Since Timmy feels that his mother makes him a rather skimpy lunch and he is always hungry at school, he starts stealing other kids' lunches at school. According to Bandura's theory of observational learning, Timmy's hunger at lunchtime most influenced which factor?

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit. At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though that prevents it from getting the fruit. According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating __________.

The opposite of stimulus generalization is __________.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is a __________ reinforcer.

Which of the following would be classified as a secondary reinforcer?