Exam 5: Learning

Terrell hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways-with his paws and with his teeth. The latter method worked and the former did not; hence, the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut. This observation illustrates the __________.

Explain what learned helplessness is and describe how it develops. Also discuss the effects it has on people and animals once it is established.

Which of the following statements is false?

In operant conditioning, __________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

A child is punished and temporarily stops his or her well-established bad behavior. However, the child soon goes back to acting badly. This is probably because __________.

To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop, the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal, then for leaping from that pedestal to another. Next, the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward. Finally, the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward. This is an example of __________.

According to Rescorla's theory, the CS must ________ the UCS or conditioning does not occur.

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is __________.

The abbreviation CR stands for __________.

A __________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

When Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs, they began to salivate. The food acted as a(n) __________.

In Bandura's classic (1965) study of children exposed to a film of an adult hitting a Bobo doll, children who saw the model __________.

Spontaneous recovery __________.

Evelyn is conditioned to fear white rats. Soon after, she also begins to fear white cats, white dogs, and white rabbits. Her new, unconditioned fears result from __________.

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that __________.

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half-hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to __________.

Logan grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes his father yell at and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Logan's own relationships when he is older?

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory of observational learning?

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment), what was the UCS?