Exam 5: Learning

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is __________.

Which of the following is a modern term that replaces what was once called behavior modification?

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep after they become sick from the bait he leaves. The farmer is attempting to apply the research of __________ to accomplish this.

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________.

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that __________.

Current views of conditioning by psychologists, such as Rescorla, indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the __________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the __________.

The fact that you now tend to prefer blondes because your last love interest had blonde hair BEST illustrates __________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the bell was the __________.

Give an example of a conditioned response.

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Riley's parents have decided to take a 3-week trip to Europe. Consequently, Riley's mother will not be able to make her famous pies for the upcoming bake sale. When her mother encourages Riley to bake the pies herself, Riley panics at first, but then she finds that she knows how to put the recipe together. Her ability to prepare the recipe is an example of __________.

As she walked through her neighborhood, Posie, a 6-year-old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Posie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. In the example, the dog's bark and bite are the __________.

What is the relationship between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Jade almost got hit by a car at a street corner because she was too busy texting on her phone. From that day on, Jade looks before she reaches the street corner. Her change in behavior is a result of __________.

Emma learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. Emma starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. Emma's learning to share is an example of __________.

Stimulus discrimination __________.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called __________.