Exam 5: Learning

Thorndike was known for his work with __________.

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because __________.

Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

A person is connected to an electroencephalograph, a machine that records the brain's electrical activity. The person is reinforced when his or her pattern of brain waves changes in order to treat a disorder such as epilepsy. This technique is BEST called __________.

A congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, D.C. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

In an experiment, two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet. One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier. The second group is harnessed and cannot escape. After several trials, both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape. The first group escapes the shocks but the second group just sits and whines, refusing to attempt to escape. The response of the second group is due to __________.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was the __________.

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur more frequently is called a(n) __________.

Once conditioning has been acquired, presenting just the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus produces __________.

A procedure used to teach a whole behavior by first training its parts is called __________.

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of __________.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying the digestive system in his dogs.

Gavin was lying in bed when he suddenly realized how he might deal with a fast-approaching deadline at work. When his coworkers asked how he came up with his idea, he said, "It just came to me out of nowhere." Psychologists would refer to this as __________.

At home, you rattle the chain on your dog's leash every time you prepare to take him for a walk. After several episodes like this, you find that your dog comes running to the front door even when you pick up the leash to put it back in the closet. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

In order to get her third-grade students to memorize the poem written on the chalkboard, Mrs. Flores gives the students stickers for each poem they can recite from memory. After earning five stickers, a student gets to pick a prize out of the goody box. Mrs. Flores is using a(n) __________ to modify the children's behaviors.

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was __________.

Negative reinforcement is negative in the sense that __________.

When an action results in a pleasurable consequence, the probability of repeating that action increases. This BEST illustrates __________.

Ever since she was scared by a dog as a young child, Briana has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is afraid of not only the original dog but all types of dogs is an example of __________.