Exam 5: Learning

As she walked through her neighborhood, Posie, a 6-year-old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Posie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. Posie's crying when she sees dogs is the __________.

Which schedule of reinforcement is programmed into slot machines?

Malik originally feared great heights, such as standing on top of tall buildings. Now he has also developed fears of flying in airplanes, standing on ladders, and even watching high-wire artists perform. These new fears are probably the result of __________.

The "aha!" experience is known as __________.

Cognitive learning involves __________.

The only vending machine in your dorm is notorious for delivering its merchandise only occasionally when people put money in it. This is most similar to a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

Ethan must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a __________ reinforcer.

Who formulated the law of effect?

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder, the dog salivated. The meat powder was the __________ and salivation was the __________.

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This BEST illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

The learning process studied in the Skinner box is known as __________.

You have a quiz in your psychology class every Friday. Your studying for quizzes is reinforced on what type of schedule?

We associate the name of __________ most closely with classical conditioning.

One day as your professor is driving to work, another driver runs through a red light and hits his car. The professor is shaken up but survives the incident. However, the next time he starts to enter the intersection, he becomes nervous and fearful. Soon, he starts going to work via another route to avoid the intersection even though this route adds 20 minutes to his commute in each direction. According to the principles of classical conditioning, why does the professor become scared of the previously harmless intersection? What can he do about this, as going via the other route is very time consuming? Be specific. Break down the situation into its parts, and show how the principles of learning apply.

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Rose's kiss was the __________.

Christopher has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Christopher starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?

The "aha!" experience is known as __________.

How can you tell the difference between an interval and a ratio schedule of partial reinforcement?