Question 1

Which refers to the variations in rates of growth for different parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopolyploidy 
B)  preadaptations 
C)  adaptive growth 
D)  allopatric growth patterns 
E)  allometric growth patterns 
A)  allopolyploidy 
B)  preadaptations 
C)  adaptive growth 
D)  allopatric growth patterns 
E)  allometric growth patterns

Question 2

Which statement about allopolyploidy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many flowering plant species are allopolyploids. 
B)  Allopolyploidy can result in a new, reproductively isolated species in just one generation. 
C)  Allopolyploidy accounts for a large portion of the remarkable species diversity observed on Earth today. 
D)  The hybrid may have a combination of traits conferring greater fitness than the parent species. 
E)  The hybrid may assume a new role in the environment and so, coexist with the parent species. 
A)  Many flowering plant species are allopolyploids. 
B)  Allopolyploidy can result in a new, reproductively isolated species in just one generation. 
C)  Allopolyploidy accounts for a large portion of the remarkable species diversity observed on Earth today. 
D)  The hybrid may have a combination of traits conferring greater fitness than the parent species. 
E)  The hybrid may assume a new role in the environment and so, coexist with the parent species.

Question 3

The first photosynthetic autotrophs used the energy of the sun to split H 2O because it is not very electronegative. 
______________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Clay is considered a possible site for early polymerization because it binds organic monomers and contains zinc and iron ions that may have functioned as ATP . 
______________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which term describes new ecological opportunities that were not exploited by an ancestral organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid zones 
B)  fusion zones 
C)  stability zones 
D)  adaptive zones 
E)  reinforcement zones 
A)  hybrid zones 
B)  fusion zones 
C)  stability zones 
D)  adaptive zones 
E)  reinforcement zones

Question 6

Sexual isolation occurs when the egg proteins bind only complementary molecules on species specific sperm. 
____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Based on the data in the figure, which is a likely reason for speciation between these two sympatric species of frogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopolyploidy 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  hybrid inviability 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  allopolyploidy 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  hybrid inviability 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 8

The greatest mass extinction of all time occurred at the end of the ____ era, in which more than 90% of all existing marine organisms became extinct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaean 
B)  Paleozoic 
C)  Cenozoic 
D)  Mesozoic 
E)  Proterozoic 
A)  Archaean 
B)  Paleozoic 
C)  Cenozoic 
D)  Mesozoic 
E)  Proterozoic

Question 9

Which time period of Earth represents when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silurian period 
B)  Cambrian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period 
A)  Silurian period 
B)  Cambrian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period

Question 10

A newly evolved species may take over an ecological role or ecological niche that is already occupied, provided that the new species has:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to alter or change the environmental parameters. 
B)  fitness that is almost as high as the fitness of the original species. 
C)  the ability to grow to a larger size, thus providing it with a selective advantage. 
D)  features that make it competitively superior to the original occupant of that niche. 
E)  the ability to evolve through natural selection, as opposed to the original occupant, who cannot continue to evolve. 
A)  the ability to alter or change the environmental parameters. 
B)  fitness that is almost as high as the fitness of the original species. 
C)  the ability to grow to a larger size, thus providing it with a selective advantage. 
D)  features that make it competitively superior to the original occupant of that niche. 
E)  the ability to evolve through natural selection, as opposed to the original occupant, who cannot continue to evolve.

Question 11

During the Pleistocene epoch, plant communities changed dynamically in response to which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  a meteor impact 
B)  iridium in the soil 
C)  fluctuating climates 
D)  intense grazing pressure 
E)  competition with gymnosperms 
A)  a meteor impact 
B)  iridium in the soil 
C)  fluctuating climates 
D)  intense grazing pressure 
E)  competition with gymnosperms

Question 12

Which type of organisms were likely the first land animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  birds 
B)  reptiles 
C)  mammals 
D)  amphibians 
E)  arthropods 
A)  birds 
B)  reptiles 
C)  mammals 
D)  amphibians 
E)  arthropods

Question 13

Millions of years ago, the activity of which cellular organelle would have been dependent upon the presence of cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi 
B)  nucleus 
C)  ribosome 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  Golgi 
B)  nucleus 
C)  ribosome 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

The continuous, low-level extinction rate of species is sometimes called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mass extinction. 
B)  minimal extinction. 
C)  selective extinction. 
D)  temporal extinction. 
E)  background extinction. 
A)  mass extinction. 
B)  minimal extinction. 
C)  selective extinction. 
D)  temporal extinction. 
E)  background extinction.

Question 15

A porpoise and a dolphin, both mammals, mate and produce an embryo, but the embryo fails to complete development. This event describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  hybrid breakdown. 
D)  gametic isolation. 
E)  gestational abortion. 
A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  hybrid breakdown. 
D)  gametic isolation. 
E)  gestational abortion.

Question 16

What is most likely to occur if a parasite accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes kills 95% of all living organisms living in the lakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  fusion in a hybrid zone 
B)  evolution of a surviving organism 
C)  mass extinction of the surviving organisms 
D)  adaptive radiation of the surviving populations 
E)  allopatric speciation in the surviving organisms 
A)  fusion in a hybrid zone 
B)  evolution of a surviving organism 
C)  mass extinction of the surviving organisms 
D)  adaptive radiation of the surviving populations 
E)  allopatric speciation in the surviving organisms

Question 17

Which of these mechanisms is a postzygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  interbreeding 
B)  hybrid sterility 
C)  habitat isolation 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  interbreeding 
B)  hybrid sterility 
C)  habitat isolation 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 18

The prebiotic soup hypothesis proposes that organic molecules formed from cracks in the ocean floor. 
______________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What was the purpose of the spark chamber in this experimental apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)  To generate heat 
B)  To produce ATP 
C)  To stop the reaction 
D)  To generate lightening 
E)  To produce UV radiation 
A)  To generate heat 
B)  To produce ATP 
C)  To stop the reaction 
D)  To generate lightening 
E)  To produce UV radiation

Question 20

Which mechanism would prevent interbreeding between two species of fish living in the same habitat?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric isolating mechanisms 
B)  allopatric isolating mechanisms 
C)  equilibrium isolating mechanisms 
D)  reproductive isolating mechanisms 
E)  preadaptive isolating mechanisms 
A)  sympatric isolating mechanisms 
B)  allopatric isolating mechanisms 
C)  equilibrium isolating mechanisms 
D)  reproductive isolating mechanisms 
E)  preadaptive isolating mechanisms

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

Which refers to the variations in rates of growth for different parts of the body?

Which statement about allopolyploidy is FALSE?

The first photosynthetic autotrophs used the energy of the sun to split H 2O because it is not very electronegative. ______________

Clay is considered a possible site for early polymerization because it binds organic monomers and contains zinc and iron ions that may have functioned as ATP . ______________

Which term describes new ecological opportunities that were not exploited by an ancestral organism?

Sexual isolation occurs when the egg proteins bind only complementary molecules on species specific sperm. ____________

Based on the data in the figure, which is a likely reason for speciation between these two sympatric species of frogs?

The greatest mass extinction of all time occurred at the end of the ____ era, in which more than 90% of all existing marine organisms became extinct.

Which time period of Earth represents when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale?

A newly evolved species may take over an ecological role or ecological niche that is already occupied, provided that the new species has:

During the Pleistocene epoch, plant communities changed dynamically in response to which mechanism?

Which type of organisms were likely the first land animals?

Millions of years ago, the activity of which cellular organelle would have been dependent upon the presence of cyanobacteria?

The continuous, low-level extinction rate of species is sometimes called:

A porpoise and a dolphin, both mammals, mate and produce an embryo, but the embryo fails to complete development. This event describes:

What is most likely to occur if a parasite accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes kills 95% of all living organisms living in the lakes?

Which of these mechanisms is a postzygotic barrier to reproduction?

The prebiotic soup hypothesis proposes that organic molecules formed from cracks in the ocean floor. ______________

What was the purpose of the spark chamber in this experimental apparatus?

Which mechanism would prevent interbreeding between two species of fish living in the same habitat?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The first photosynthetic autotrophs used the energy of the sun to split H ₂O because it is not very electronegative. ______________