Question 1

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  microevolution 
B)  preadaptations 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  allometric growth 
E)  allopatric speciation 
A)  microevolution 
B)  preadaptations 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  allometric growth 
E)  allopatric speciation

Question 2

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth, and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

Accepted Answer

Paedomorphosis occurs when juvenile char

Question 3

Compare the differences between the biological species concept and the morphological species concept used by Linnaeus.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Linnaeus different

Question 4

Which was a possible source of high energy on early Earth that likely contributed to the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  redox energy 
B)  gamma radiation 
C)  volcanic activity 
D)  infrared radiation 
E)  geothermal energy 
A)  redox energy 
B)  gamma radiation 
C)  volcanic activity 
D)  infrared radiation 
E)  geothermal energy

Question 5

Figure 21-1   The theory illustrated by the accompanying figure is used to explain the origin of which organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobes 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  prokaryotes 
D)  protobionts 
E)  vascular plants 
A)  anaerobes 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  prokaryotes 
D)  protobionts 
E)  vascular plants

Question 6

The first cells were autotrophs,

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which reproductive isolation mechanism explains why a large dog, such as a Newfoundland, would not normally mate with a small dog, such as a Chihuahua?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual isolation 
B)  gametic isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  sexual isolation 
B)  gametic isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 8

Figure 21-2   During which time period did the animal in the accompanying figure appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jurassic 
B)  Triassic 
C)  Permian 
D)  Devonian 
E)  Cretaceous 
A)  Jurassic 
B)  Triassic 
C)  Permian 
D)  Devonian 
E)  Cretaceous

Question 9

Stromatolites are rocklike columns composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  protists 
B)  dinoflagellates 
C)  microbial biofilms 
D)  heterotrophic organisms 
E)  photosynthetic eukaryotes 
A)  protists 
B)  dinoflagellates 
C)  microbial biofilms 
D)  heterotrophic organisms 
E)  photosynthetic eukaryotes

Question 10

Many new species of desert lizards have arisen from a nonnative population which was introduced into the American southwest. This example best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of climatic change. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  allopatric speciation. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  microevolution. 
A)  the effects of climatic change. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  allopatric speciation. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  microevolution.

Question 11

If a small population of mice colonizes a new area away from the range of the original species, the colony that is geographically isolated may eventually evolve into a new species. These events can be used to describe:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybridization. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  allopatric speciation. 
E)  sympatric speciation. 
A)  hybridization. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  allopatric speciation. 
E)  sympatric speciation.

Question 12

Which describes the death of an interspecific embryo that failed to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown 
C)  hybrid inviability 
D)  ecological barriers 
E)  prezygotic isolation 
A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown 
C)  hybrid inviability 
D)  ecological barriers 
E)  prezygotic isolation

Question 13

What was a significant outcome of the Miller and Urey experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They demonstrated natural selection. 
B)  They were the first to synthesize living cells. 
C)  They proved that life did not originate on Earth. 
D)  They proved that the iron-sulfur world hypothesis was false. 
E)  They synthesized organic molecules from inorganic materials. 
A)  They demonstrated natural selection. 
B)  They were the first to synthesize living cells. 
C)  They proved that life did not originate on Earth. 
D)  They proved that the iron-sulfur world hypothesis was false. 
E)  They synthesized organic molecules from inorganic materials.

Question 14

Which hypothesis states that life developed from nonliving matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  abiotic evolution 
B)  natural selection 
C)  organic evolution 
D)  chemical evolution 
E)  inorganic evolution 
A)  abiotic evolution 
B)  natural selection 
C)  organic evolution 
D)  chemical evolution 
E)  inorganic evolution

Question 15

Which reproductive isolation mechanism is defined by the prevention of genetic exchange between two species because they reproduce at different times of the day or year?

Accepted Answer

A)  diurnal isolation 
B)  sexual isolation 
C)  annual isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  diurnal isolation 
B)  sexual isolation 
C)  annual isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 16

Explain why the biological species concept cannot be applied to organisms such as bacteria and some rotifers.

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept applies o

Question 17

Hybrid inviability can increase over generations. 
____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which model would predict the abrupt appearance of a new species in the fossil record, with little or no evidence of intermediate forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  anagenesis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  microevolution 
D)  paedomorphosis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium 
A)  anagenesis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  microevolution 
D)  paedomorphosis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium

Question 19

Vascular plants and air-breathing animals first appeared during which time period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silurian period 
B)  Permian period 
C)  Cambrian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Cretaceous period 
A)  Silurian period 
B)  Permian period 
C)  Cambrian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Cretaceous period

Question 20

How was the mechanism of sympatric speciation among hemp nettles in nature verified experimentally?

Accepted Answer

A)  By simply creating unique hybrids under laboratory conditions 
B)  By producing hybrids that were 98% fertile under laboratory conditions 
C)  By producing experimental hybrids that could reproduce successfully with both parent species 
D)  By producing experimental hybrids that formed fertile offspring with the naturally occurring hybrid 
E)  By creating hybrids that reproduced through the F 4 generation before dying from hybrid inviability 
A)  By simply creating unique hybrids under laboratory conditions 
B)  By producing hybrids that were 98% fertile under laboratory conditions 
C)  By producing experimental hybrids that could reproduce successfully with both parent species 
D)  By producing experimental hybrids that formed fertile offspring with the naturally occurring hybrid 
E)  By creating hybrids that reproduced through the F 4 generation before dying from hybrid inviability

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth, and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

Compare the differences between the biological species concept and the morphological species concept used by Linnaeus.

Which was a possible source of high energy on early Earth that likely contributed to the origin of life?

Figure 21-1 The theory illustrated by the accompanying figure is used to explain the origin of which organisms?

The first cells were autotrophs,

Which reproductive isolation mechanism explains why a large dog, such as a Newfoundland, would not normally mate with a small dog, such as a Chihuahua?

Figure 21-2 During which time period did the animal in the accompanying figure appear?

Stromatolites are rocklike columns composed of:

Many new species of desert lizards have arisen from a nonnative population which was introduced into the American southwest. This example best describes:

If a small population of mice colonizes a new area away from the range of the original species, the colony that is geographically isolated may eventually evolve into a new species. These events can be used to describe:

Which describes the death of an interspecific embryo that failed to develop?

What was a significant outcome of the Miller and Urey experiment?

Which hypothesis states that life developed from nonliving matter?

Which reproductive isolation mechanism is defined by the prevention of genetic exchange between two species because they reproduce at different times of the day or year?

Explain why the biological species concept cannot be applied to organisms such as bacteria and some rotifers.

Hybrid inviability can increase over generations. ____________

Which model would predict the abrupt appearance of a new species in the fossil record, with little or no evidence of intermediate forms?

Vascular plants and air-breathing animals first appeared during which time period?

How was the mechanism of sympatric speciation among hemp nettles in nature verified experimentally?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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