Exam 28: Seedless Plants

The slender, rootlike structures found in nonvascular plants are called ____.

The zygotes of modern charophytes and reproductive spores in land plants are protected from desiccation by ____.

The liverwort genus Marchantia can reproduce asexually by way of ____, small cell masses that form in cuplike growths on a ____.

Molecular studies point to the order Zygnematales, whose modern representatives include ____, as the sister clade of all land plants.

Some bryophyte species are ____, meaning that they grow independently on another organism.

Recent studies on the evolutionary divergence of seed plants from seedless vascular plants used the genome of a ____, a lycophyte, as a comparison for genomes of the more derived land plants.

Members of the phylum ____ are considered by many researchers to be the living plants most closely related to vascular plants, based on their morphology and mitochondrial gene sequence data.

Antheridia and archegonia are the two types of ____ present in bryophytes.

Lignified, tube-like structures that branch throughout the body of some plants, conducting water and solutes, are called ____.

Ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails are members of the ____ phylum, which has about 13,000 described living species.

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that liverworts were the first land plants.

Tiny openings in the cuticle-covered surfaces of most land plants, called ____, control water loss and carbon dioxide uptake for photosynthesis.

Besides the presence of vascular tissue, what is the main importance of the plant traits that separate seedless vascular plants from nonvascular plants?

Ferns are particularly useful for research on plant growth and development because of the ____.

Except for tropical tree ferns, the stems of most ferns are underground rhizomes.