Exam 15: From DNA to Protein

The number of proteins humans can produce vastly exceeds the number of genes in the human genome. This is best explained by ____. ​

If a codon in the mRNA is 5'-ACG-3', then the anticodon of the proper tRNA will be ____. ​

Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are all caused by single base changes in the coding region of a gene. How are these three types of mutations different?

During the elongation stage of transcription ____. ​

Every protein is assembled on a(n)____ according to instructions copied from ____, using ____ as an intermediate. ​

Relative to the mRNA, which of the following moves during translocation? ​

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where a codon specifying an amino acid is changed to a stop codon. ​

Beadle and Tatum used nutritional mutants called ____ to study the relationship between genes and proteins in Neurospora .

At the start of translation, the initiator tRNA pairs with the start codon at the ____ of the ribosome. ​

Enzymes are ____. ​

Consider a mutant organism that is unable to make the amino acid arginine. Knowing that the metabolic pathway for arginine production is ornithine citrulline arginine, you test the ability of the mutant to grow in the presence of just one of these compounds. You find that the mutant can grow in the presence of arginine, but not in the presence of citrulline or ornithine. From this, you can conclude that the product of the mutant gene is most directly involved in the production of ____. ​

Segments of DNA that can move from one place to another within a cell's genome are called ____.

The poly(A)tail of an mRNA ____. ​

Which region(s)of the ribosome accept(s)charged tRNA molecules during the elongation phase of translation? ​

The antibiotics streptomycin and erythromycin work by inhibiting the function of ____ in bacteria but not eukaryotes. ​

List two main differences between the processes of transcription and DNA replication.