Question 1

During forceful exhalation, the ____ muscles contract. ​

Accepted Answer

A) diaphragm and abdominal 
B) external intercostal 
C) internal intercostal 
D) diaphragm and external intercostal 
E) diaphragm and internal intercostal 
A) diaphragm and abdominal 
B) external intercostal 
C) internal intercostal 
D) diaphragm and external intercostal 
E) diaphragm and internal intercostal C

Question 2

Birds utilize mechanisms similar to countercurrent exchange to optimize diffusion of O2 across their respiratory surfaces. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The ____ drives inhalation by stimulating contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. ​

Accepted Answer

A) ventral interneuron group 
B) pons interneuron groups 
C) carotid bodies 
D) dorsal respiratory group 
E) aortic bodies 
A) ventral interneuron group 
B) pons interneuron groups 
C) carotid bodies 
D) dorsal respiratory group 
E) aortic bodies D

Question 4

During resting exhalation in humans, the diaphragm ____ and the internal intercostal muscles ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) contracts; relax ​ 
B) relaxes; contract 
C) contracts; contract 
D) relaxes then contracts; contract then relax 
E) relaxes; relax 
A) contracts; relax ​ 
B) relaxes; contract 
C) contracts; contract 
D) relaxes then contracts; contract then relax 
E) relaxes; relax

Question 5

In aquatic animals, the most disadvantaged in terms of respiratory media are those living in ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) cold saltwater 
B) cold freshwater 
C) warm saltwater 
D) warm freshwater 
E) warm brackish water 
A) cold saltwater 
B) cold freshwater 
C) warm saltwater 
D) warm freshwater 
E) warm brackish water

Question 6

As oxygenated blood enters tissue capillaries, the oxygen ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) binds more tightly to hemoglobin 
B) diffuses from blood plasma into body cells 
C) diffuses from interstitial fluid into blood plasma 
D) acts as a substrate for carbonic anhydrase 
E) reaches equilibrium in blood plasma and interstitial fluid 
A) binds more tightly to hemoglobin 
B) diffuses from blood plasma into body cells 
C) diffuses from interstitial fluid into blood plasma 
D) acts as a substrate for carbonic anhydrase 
E) reaches equilibrium in blood plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 7

Living at high altitudes can cause ____ as a respiratory adaptation. ​

Accepted Answer

A) elevated erythrocyte count ​ 
B) decreased number of alveoli 
C) decreased number of lung capillaries 
D) hemoglobin molecules with less affinity for O2 
E) decreased erythrocyte count 
A) elevated erythrocyte count ​ 
B) decreased number of alveoli 
C) decreased number of lung capillaries 
D) hemoglobin molecules with less affinity for O2 
E) decreased erythrocyte count

Question 8

Air is the least optimal respiratory medium because ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) air flow increases evaporation of water from the respiratory surface 
B) air contains 30 times as much O2 as water 
C) air is 1000 times less dense than water 
D) air requires more energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface 
E) O2 diffuses more rapidly in air than in water 
A) air flow increases evaporation of water from the respiratory surface 
B) air contains 30 times as much O2 as water 
C) air is 1000 times less dense than water 
D) air requires more energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface 
E) O2 diffuses more rapidly in air than in water

Question 9

Choose the correct order of tracheal system structures from most external to most internal.

Accepted Answer

A) spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
B) tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
C) tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
D) spiracles, tracheal branches, tracheae, tracheoles 
E) spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches 
A) spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
B) tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
C) tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
D) spiracles, tracheal branches, tracheae, tracheoles 
E) spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: bronchiole

Accepted Answer

The Answer of 5 and 9 and 4 and 8 is...

Question 11

Changes in humans caused by high altitude exposure are ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) always temporary 
B) always permanent 
C) temporary or permanent depending on duration of exposure 
D) temporary or permanent depending on developmental timing of exposure 
E) temporary or permanent depending on duration and developmental timing of exposure 
A) always temporary 
B) always permanent 
C) temporary or permanent depending on duration of exposure 
D) temporary or permanent depending on developmental timing of exposure 
E) temporary or permanent depending on duration and developmental timing of exposure

Question 12

During a dive, a marine mammal experiences an increase in the partial pressure of dissolved gases of about 1 atmosphere for every ____ meter(s)in depth. ​

Accepted Answer

A) 1 ​ 
B) 5 
C) 10 
D) 15 
E) 20 
A) 1 ​ 
B) 5 
C) 10 
D) 15 
E) 20

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: lung

Accepted Answer

The Answer of 9 and 8 and 7 and 1 is...

Question 14

CO2 and H2O are converted to HCO3  -  and H+ in the blood of the lungs . ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: respiratory medium

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Energy producing reactions that use OS1U1B12S1U1B0 and is...

Question 16

Which breathing abnormalities can occur in neonatal mammals exposed to nicotine? ​

Accepted Answer

A) reduced ventilatory output 
B) increased duration of apneas 
C) SIDS 
D) reduced ventilatory output and increased duration of apneas 
E) reduced ventilatory output, increased duration of apneas, and SIDS 
A) reduced ventilatory output 
B) increased duration of apneas 
C) SIDS 
D) reduced ventilatory output and increased duration of apneas 
E) reduced ventilatory output, increased duration of apneas, and SIDS

Question 17

The ____ keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation. ​

Accepted Answer

A) residual volume ​ 
B) tidal volume 
C) vital capacity 
D) lung capacity 
E) lung volume 
A) residual volume ​ 
B) tidal volume 
C) vital capacity 
D) lung capacity 
E) lung volume

Question 18

Water is an optimal respiratory medium because ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) water holds less O2 than air ​ 
B) O2 concentration in water is affected by solute concentration 
C) the density of water allows maximal ventilation over the respiratory surface 
D) O2 concentration in water increases at higher temperatures 
E) water keeps the respiratory surface wetted 
A) water holds less O2 than air ​ 
B) O2 concentration in water is affected by solute concentration 
C) the density of water allows maximal ventilation over the respiratory surface 
D) O2 concentration in water increases at higher temperatures 
E) water keeps the respiratory surface wetted

Question 19

The ____ are the initial branches of the trachea that lead into each lung. ​

Accepted Answer

A) bronchioles 
B) alveoli ​ 
C) pleura 
D) bronchi 
E) larynx 
A) bronchioles 
B) alveoli ​ 
C) pleura 
D) bronchi 
E) larynx

Question 20

If N2 gas comprises 79 percent of atmospheric air at sea level, what is PN2? ​

Accepted Answer

A) about 300 mm Hg ​ 
B) about 400 mm Hg 
C) about 500 mm Hg 
D) about 600 mm Hg 
E) about 700 mm Hg 
A) about 300 mm Hg ​ 
B) about 400 mm Hg 
C) about 500 mm Hg 
D) about 600 mm Hg 
E) about 700 mm Hg

Exam 46: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

During forceful exhalation, the ____ muscles contract. ​

Birds utilize mechanisms similar to countercurrent exchange to optimize diffusion of O2 across their respiratory surfaces. ​

The ____ drives inhalation by stimulating contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. ​

During resting exhalation in humans, the diaphragm ____ and the internal intercostal muscles ____. ​

In aquatic animals, the most disadvantaged in terms of respiratory media are those living in ____. ​

As oxygenated blood enters tissue capillaries, the oxygen ____. ​

Living at high altitudes can cause ____ as a respiratory adaptation. ​

Air is the least optimal respiratory medium because ____. ​

Choose the correct order of tracheal system structures from most external to most internal.

Changes in humans caused by high altitude exposure are ____. ​

During a dive, a marine mammal experiences an increase in the partial pressure of dissolved gases of about 1 atmosphere for every ____ meter(s)in depth. ​

CO2 and H2O are converted to HCO3 - and H+ in the blood of the lungs . ​

Which breathing abnormalities can occur in neonatal mammals exposed to nicotine? ​

The ____ keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation. ​

Water is an optimal respiratory medium because ____. ​

The ____ are the initial branches of the trachea that lead into each lung. ​

If N2 gas comprises 79 percent of atmospheric air at sea level, what is PN2? ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

During forceful exhalation, the ____ muscles contract.

Birds utilize mechanisms similar to countercurrent exchange to optimize diffusion of O₂ across their respiratory surfaces.

The ____ drives inhalation by stimulating contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

During resting exhalation in humans, the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles .

In aquatic animals, the most disadvantaged in terms of respiratory media are those living in ____.

As oxygenated blood enters tissue capillaries, the oxygen ____.

Living at high altitudes can cause ____ as a respiratory adaptation.

Air is the least optimal respiratory medium because ____.

Changes in humans caused by high altitude exposure are ____.

During a dive, a marine mammal experiences an increase in the partial pressure of dissolved gases of about 1 atmosphere for every ____ meter(s)in depth.

CO₂ and H₂O are converted to HCO₃ ^- and H⁺ in the blood of the lungs .

Which breathing abnormalities can occur in neonatal mammals exposed to nicotine?

The ____ keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation.

Water is an optimal respiratory medium because ____.

The ____ are the initial branches of the trachea that lead into each lung.

If N₂ gas comprises 79 percent of atmospheric air at sea level, what is P_N2?