Question 1

Which event occurs during a strong El Niño year?

Accepted Answer

A) light rains in the central and eastern Pacific ocean 
B) upwelling of cold water in the western Pacific ocean ​ 
C) death of phytoplankton in western coastal areas 
D) cold surface currents flowing from west to east 
E) strengthened equatorial winds 
A) light rains in the central and eastern Pacific ocean 
B) upwelling of cold water in the western Pacific ocean ​ 
C) death of phytoplankton in western coastal areas 
D) cold surface currents flowing from west to east 
E) strengthened equatorial winds C

Question 2

Permafrost is a major repository of ____ in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) carbon 
C) oxygen 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) ice 
A) water 
B) carbon 
C) oxygen 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) ice B

Question 3

What is the difference between an estuary and a salt marsh? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Salt marshes are found far from the ocean, while estuaries border the ocean. 
B) Salt marshes are not affected by tides, while estuaries are. 
C) Salt marshes are dominated by grasses, while estuaries are defined by tidal influence. 
D) Salt marshes border the ocean, while estuaries exist in river environments. 
E) Salt marshes are affected by tides, while estuaries are not. 
A) Salt marshes are found far from the ocean, while estuaries border the ocean. 
B) Salt marshes are not affected by tides, while estuaries are. 
C) Salt marshes are dominated by grasses, while estuaries are defined by tidal influence. 
D) Salt marshes border the ocean, while estuaries exist in river environments. 
E) Salt marshes are affected by tides, while estuaries are not. C

Question 4

In a lotic system ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) there is no border between freshwater and terrestrial systems 
B) water stands in an open basin 
C) freshwater and marine systems intermix 
D) water flows through channels 
E) marshes predominate 
A) there is no border between freshwater and terrestrial systems 
B) water stands in an open basin 
C) freshwater and marine systems intermix 
D) water flows through channels 
E) marshes predominate

Question 5

A microclimate ____.

Accepted Answer

A) occurs when the climate is moderated by the ocean 
B) occurs when topographic features influence rainfall 
C) describes weather conditions prevailing over an extended period of time 
D) describes daily maximum and minimum temperatures 
E) is the abiotic conditions immediately surrounding an organism 
A) occurs when the climate is moderated by the ocean 
B) occurs when topographic features influence rainfall 
C) describes weather conditions prevailing over an extended period of time 
D) describes daily maximum and minimum temperatures 
E) is the abiotic conditions immediately surrounding an organism

Question 6

Dissolved oxygen is highest in which body of water?

Accepted Answer

A) warm eutrophic lake 
B) slow-moving tropical river 
C) pool within a cool forest stream 
D) white water stretch of a cold river 
E) dissolved oxygen should be the same in all waters 
A) warm eutrophic lake 
B) slow-moving tropical river 
C) pool within a cool forest stream 
D) white water stretch of a cold river 
E) dissolved oxygen should be the same in all waters

Question 7

Crystal-clear mountain lakes are oligotrophic .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which letter represents the littoral zone?

Accepted Answer

A) A only 
B) B only 
C) C only 
D) A and B 
E) B and C 
A) A only 
B) B only 
C) C only 
D) A and B 
E) B and C

Question 9

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. According to the graph, the upper mean annual temperature for boreal forests is approximately ____  o  C .

Accepted Answer

A) -7 
B) 2 
C) 15 
D) 25 
E) 35 
A) -7 
B) 2 
C) 15 
D) 25 
E) 35

Question 10

Where does most photosynthesis occur in the open ocean? ​

Accepted Answer

A) the top 10 meters 
B) below 100 meters 
C) the top 50 meters 
D) below 50 meters 
E) photosynthesis occurs uniformly in the open ocean 
A) the top 10 meters 
B) below 100 meters 
C) the top 50 meters 
D) below 50 meters 
E) photosynthesis occurs uniformly in the open ocean

Question 11

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which letter(s)represent(s)the limnetic zone? ​

Accepted Answer

A) A only 
B) B only 
C) C only 
D) A and B 
E) B and C 
A) A only 
B) B only 
C) C only 
D) A and B 
E) B and C

Question 12

In streams flowing through dense forest, ____; therefore nutrients from organic detritus is particularly important.

Accepted Answer

A) dissolved oxygen levels are high 
B) dissolved oxygen are low 
C) the water moves slowly 
D) dense vegetation blocks light necessary for photosynthesis 
E) photosynthetic organisms make up most of the life in these streams 
A) dissolved oxygen levels are high 
B) dissolved oxygen are low 
C) the water moves slowly 
D) dense vegetation blocks light necessary for photosynthesis 
E) photosynthetic organisms make up most of the life in these streams

Question 13

A rain shadow is created when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cool air descends and replaces warm air over land through onshore flow 
B) wind direction reverses seasonally 
C) cool air descends and replaces warm air over the sea through offshore flow 
D) dry air on the windward side rises and absorbs water on the leeward side, such that the leeward side remains dry 
E) mountains force air to sink and absorb water on the windward side, causing the leeward side of the mountains to receive excessive rainfall 
A) cool air descends and replaces warm air over land through onshore flow 
B) wind direction reverses seasonally 
C) cool air descends and replaces warm air over the sea through offshore flow 
D) dry air on the windward side rises and absorbs water on the leeward side, such that the leeward side remains dry 
E) mountains force air to sink and absorb water on the windward side, causing the leeward side of the mountains to receive excessive rainfall

Question 14

Most ocean currents flow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe the five levels of ecological organization in the context of the biosphere and biomes.

Accepted Answer

Biomes are defined by vegetation types,

Question 16

A state of extreme sluggishness is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) torpor 
B) endothermic 
C) migration 
D) extinction 
E) reproduction 
A) torpor 
B) endothermic 
C) migration 
D) extinction 
E) reproduction

Question 17

All environments have both ____ and ____ components.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrospheric; lithospheric 
B) lithospheric; atmospheric 
C) ecologic; atmospheric 
D) biotic; abiotic 
E) organismal; ecologic 
A) hydrospheric; lithospheric 
B) lithospheric; atmospheric 
C) ecologic; atmospheric 
D) biotic; abiotic 
E) organismal; ecologic

Question 18

Hydrothermal vents allow organisms to live in ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) the open ocean 
B) the intertidal zone 
C) the deep sea 
D) the kelp forest 
E) coral reefs 
A) the open ocean 
B) the intertidal zone 
C) the deep sea 
D) the kelp forest 
E) coral reefs

Question 19

Biologists sometimes damage ecosystems in order to study them. For example, researchers have fogged rainforest trees with insecticides to search for undiscovered species that fall to the ground when poisoned. Others have deliberately added phosphates to natural lakes to study the eutrophication process. What is your ethical position on such studies? Should they be banned, or is the knowledge gained worth the harm they cause?

Accepted Answer

There are two possible perspectives in a

Question 20

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Letter "C" in the diagram represents the ____ zone.

Accepted Answer

A) neritic 
B) abyssal 
C) oceanic 
D) benthic 
E) intertidal 
A) neritic 
B) abyssal 
C) oceanic 
D) benthic 
E) intertidal

Exam 51: Ecology and the Biosphere

Which event occurs during a strong El Niño year?

Permafrost is a major repository of ____ in the environment.

What is the difference between an estuary and a salt marsh? ​

In a lotic system ____. ​

A microclimate ____.

Dissolved oxygen is highest in which body of water?

Crystal-clear mountain lakes are oligotrophic .

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which letter represents the littoral zone?

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. According to the graph, the upper mean annual temperature for boreal forests is approximately ____ o C .

Where does most photosynthesis occur in the open ocean? ​

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which letter(s)represent(s)the limnetic zone? ​

In streams flowing through dense forest, ____; therefore nutrients from organic detritus is particularly important.

A rain shadow is created when ____.

Most ocean currents flow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

Describe the five levels of ecological organization in the context of the biosphere and biomes.

A state of extreme sluggishness is known as ____.

All environments have both ____ and ____ components.

Hydrothermal vents allow organisms to live in ____. ​

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Letter "C" in the diagram represents the ____ zone.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

What is the difference between an estuary and a salt marsh?

In a lotic system ____.

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. According to the graph, the upper mean annual temperature for boreal forests is approximately ____ ^o C .

Where does most photosynthesis occur in the open ocean?

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which letter(s)represent(s)the limnetic zone?

All environments have both and components.

Hydrothermal vents allow organisms to live in ____.