Question 1

To study how genes have evolved, scientists compare the genome sequences of related organisms, a research approach known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) genome sequence determination 
B) genome annotation 
C) comparative genomics 
D) functional genomics 
E) proteomics ​ 
A) genome sequence determination 
B) genome annotation 
C) comparative genomics 
D) functional genomics 
E) proteomics ​ C

Question 2

A sequence similarity search reveals that a candidate gene's sequence has a partial match to a known gene's sequence. What does this most likely indicate? ​

Accepted Answer

A) There is no relationship between the candidate and known gene. 
B) The candidate gene encodes an identical transcript to the known gene. 
C) The candidate gene encodes the same protein as the known gene. 
D) The protein encoded by the candidate gene contains a protein domain also found in the known gene's protein. 
E) The protein encoded by the candidate gene has the same function as the protein encoded by the known gene. 
A) There is no relationship between the candidate and known gene. 
B) The candidate gene encodes an identical transcript to the known gene. 
C) The candidate gene encodes the same protein as the known gene. 
D) The protein encoded by the candidate gene contains a protein domain also found in the known gene's protein. 
E) The protein encoded by the candidate gene has the same function as the protein encoded by the known gene. D

Question 3

The human genome is composed of approximately _____ billion base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) ​3 
C) ​7 
D) ​10 
E) ​14 
A) 1 
B) ​3 
C) ​7 
D) ​10 
E) ​14 B

Question 4

Which gene would most likely be found in the genomes of all present-day organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase gene ​ 
B) a photosynthetic gene 
C) a nitrogen fixation gene 
D) a gene for anaerobic respiration 
E) a gene for cellulose breakdown 
A) an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase gene ​ 
B) a photosynthetic gene 
C) a nitrogen fixation gene 
D) a gene for anaerobic respiration 
E) a gene for cellulose breakdown

Question 5

Which element of a dideoxy sequencing reaction allows for visualization ofthe DNA sequence? ​

Accepted Answer

A) the mixture of the four dideoxyribonucleotides, each with a different fluorescent label 
B) DNA primer 
C) the mixture of the four deoxyribonucleotides 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) DNA ligase 
A) the mixture of the four dideoxyribonucleotides, each with a different fluorescent label 
B) DNA primer 
C) the mixture of the four deoxyribonucleotides 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) DNA ligase

Question 6

In humans, there are three genes encoding different nitric oxide synthase enzymes. These three genes form a ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) multigene locus ​ 
B) replicate gene family 
C) multi-enzyme family 
D) multigene family 
E) gene grouping 
A) multigene locus ​ 
B) replicate gene family 
C) multi-enzyme family 
D) multigene family 
E) gene grouping

Question 7

Human and chimpanzee genomes share 96% DNA sequence identity. What most likely causes humans to be phenotypically distinct from chimpanzees? ​

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of many new genes unique to humans 
B) a much larger human genome compared to the chimpanzee genome 
C) the loss of higher functioning genes in chimpanzees 
D) dramatic changes in chromosome structure and organization in humans 
E) small mutations in protein coding sequences and changes in regulatory units of human genes 
A) the presence of many new genes unique to humans 
B) a much larger human genome compared to the chimpanzee genome 
C) the loss of higher functioning genes in chimpanzees 
D) dramatic changes in chromosome structure and organization in humans 
E) small mutations in protein coding sequences and changes in regulatory units of human genes

Question 8

During DNA sequence annotation, which feature is not identified? ​

Accepted Answer

A) protein coding genes 
B) noncoding RNA genes ​ 
C) origins of replication 
D) pseudogenes 
E) protein interactions 
A) protein coding genes 
B) noncoding RNA genes ​ 
C) origins of replication 
D) pseudogenes 
E) protein interactions

Question 9

DNA microarrays that reveal differential expression patterns are used to study the _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) genome 
B) transcriptome 
C) proteome 
D) interactome 
E) ribosome 
A) genome 
B) transcriptome 
C) proteome 
D) interactome 
E) ribosome

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: genomics

Accepted Answer

The Answer of All transcripts produced by a cell and is...

Question 11

Comparative genomics is an approach used to learn how genes and genomes have evolved. Describe three different concepts that have been revealed by comparative genomics studies.

Accepted Answer

By comparing genomes from different orga

Question 12

The proteome represents _____, while the cellular proteome represents _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) all of the proteins able to be made by all living organisms; the proteins made by unicellular organisms 
B) the set of proteins made by any multicellular organism; the set of proteins made by unicellular organisms 
C) all of the proteins able to be expressed by an organism's genome; the subset of proteins found in a particular cell type 
D) all of the proteins that are common to all living organisms; the proteins found in the same cell types of different species 
E) the subject of proteomics research; the subject of phenomics research 
A) all of the proteins able to be made by all living organisms; the proteins made by unicellular organisms 
B) the set of proteins made by any multicellular organism; the set of proteins made by unicellular organisms 
C) all of the proteins able to be expressed by an organism's genome; the subset of proteins found in a particular cell type 
D) all of the proteins that are common to all living organisms; the proteins found in the same cell types of different species 
E) the subject of proteomics research; the subject of phenomics research

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: proteomics

Accepted Answer

The Answer of All transcripts produced by a cell and is...

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: Replaces a normal gene with a defective one to observe the gene's function.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Gene knockout and Sanger sequencing and Whole-genome is...

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: Uses dideoxynucleotide terminators to determine the sequence of a DNA fragment.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Gene knockout and Sanger sequencing and Illumina/Solexa is...

Question 16

Chromosomal rearrangement can occur by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) translocation only 
B) inversion only 
C) translocation and inversion 
D) point mutations 
E) alternative splicing 
A) translocation only 
B) inversion only 
C) translocation and inversion 
D) point mutations 
E) alternative splicing

Question 17

How do scientists most often access genome sequences determined by research projects?

Accepted Answer

A) They must request the sequence from the group that performed the research. 
B) They must request the sequence from the governmental or private group that funded the research. 
C) They must request the sequence from the company that performed the sequencing. 
D) They can retrieve the sequence from an online public database, such as GenBank. 
E) They must sequence the organism themselves to obtain the sequence. 
A) They must request the sequence from the group that performed the research. 
B) They must request the sequence from the governmental or private group that funded the research. 
C) They must request the sequence from the company that performed the sequencing. 
D) They can retrieve the sequence from an online public database, such as GenBank. 
E) They must sequence the organism themselves to obtain the sequence.

Question 18

The goal(s)of proteomics include(s)the determination of protein_____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) structure only 
B) function only 
C) location only 
D) sequence, interactions, and structure 
E) structure, function, location, and interactions 
A) structure only 
B) function only 
C) location only 
D) sequence, interactions, and structure 
E) structure, function, location, and interactions

Question 19

During a microarray analysis, cDNAs made from normal cells are stained with a green fluor and cDNAs from abnormal cells are stained with a red fluor. Which of the following statements is true about the results of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Red spots indicate genes that are under expressed in abnormal cells. 
B) Red spots indicate genes that are not expressed in abnormal cells. 
C) Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in abnormal cells. 
D) Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in normal cells. 
E) Red spots indicate pseudogenes. 
A) Red spots indicate genes that are under expressed in abnormal cells. 
B) Red spots indicate genes that are not expressed in abnormal cells. 
C) Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in abnormal cells. 
D) Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in normal cells. 
E) Red spots indicate pseudogenes.

Question 20

How do gene duplication and exon shuffling lead to new genes?

Accepted Answer

Gene duplication results in a second cop

Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

To study how genes have evolved, scientists compare the genome sequences of related organisms, a research approach known as _____.

A sequence similarity search reveals that a candidate gene's sequence has a partial match to a known gene's sequence. What does this most likely indicate? ​

The human genome is composed of approximately _____ billion base pairs.

Which gene would most likely be found in the genomes of all present-day organisms?

Which element of a dideoxy sequencing reaction allows for visualization ofthe DNA sequence? ​

In humans, there are three genes encoding different nitric oxide synthase enzymes. These three genes form a ____. ​

Human and chimpanzee genomes share 96% DNA sequence identity. What most likely causes humans to be phenotypically distinct from chimpanzees? ​

During DNA sequence annotation, which feature is not identified? ​

DNA microarrays that reveal differential expression patterns are used to study the _____. ​

Comparative genomics is an approach used to learn how genes and genomes have evolved. Describe three different concepts that have been revealed by comparative genomics studies.

The proteome represents _____, while the cellular proteome represents _____. ​

Chromosomal rearrangement can occur by ____.

How do scientists most often access genome sequences determined by research projects?

The goal(s)of proteomics include(s)the determination of protein_____. ​

During a microarray analysis, cDNAs made from normal cells are stained with a green fluor and cDNAs from abnormal cells are stained with a red fluor. Which of the following statements is true about the results of this experiment?

How do gene duplication and exon shuffling lead to new genes?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

A sequence similarity search reveals that a candidate gene's sequence has a partial match to a known gene's sequence. What does this most likely indicate?

Which element of a dideoxy sequencing reaction allows for visualization ofthe DNA sequence?

In humans, there are three genes encoding different nitric oxide synthase enzymes. These three genes form a ____.

Human and chimpanzee genomes share 96% DNA sequence identity. What most likely causes humans to be phenotypically distinct from chimpanzees?

During DNA sequence annotation, which feature is not identified?

DNA microarrays that reveal differential expression patterns are used to study the _____.

The proteome represents _, while the cellular proteome represents _.

The goal(s)of proteomics include(s)the determination of protein_____.