Question 1

Cytokine treatment of cancer has proven problematic because

Accepted Answer

A) cytokines can show in vivo toxicity. 
B) dosages are very hard to control properly. 
C) cytokines can regulate the production of other cytokines. 
D) cytokines exert effects on a large number of target cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) cytokines can show in vivo toxicity. 
B) dosages are very hard to control properly. 
C) cytokines can regulate the production of other cytokines. 
D) cytokines exert effects on a large number of target cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct. E

Question 2

What are the three types of host genes that, when mutated, can lead to tumor formation and cancer? For each type of gene, how do mutations lead to neoplasms? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The three types of host genes are oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and apoptosis genes.Oncogenes are normally involved in cell growth, so mutations upregulate their expression and/or activity.Mutations that deactivate tumor suppressors and apoptosis genes, on the other hand, are what causes cancer in those cells.

Question 3

A key role for natural killer cells in controlling cancer is NOT supported by the

Accepted Answer

A) observation that NK-deficient mice have higher than normal rates of sarcoma development. 
B) observation that NK cells can kill cancer cells in vitro. 
C) observation that many tumors down-regulate MHC genes, including NK receptors. 
D) observation that cellular stress up-regulates many NK receptors. 
E) All of the answers support the role. 
A) observation that NK-deficient mice have higher than normal rates of sarcoma development. 
B) observation that NK cells can kill cancer cells in vitro. 
C) observation that many tumors down-regulate MHC genes, including NK receptors. 
D) observation that cellular stress up-regulates many NK receptors. 
E) All of the answers support the role. D

Question 4

What are the three classifications of cancer - which one is the MOST common?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma, sarcoma, and blood

Question 5

The use of tumor-specific T cells reintroduced to patients requires all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) tumor-specific cells being isolated. 
B) tumor-specific cells being activated to overcome tumor-induced anergy. 
C) the patient being lympho-depleted to facilitate reintroduction. 
D) tumor-specific cells being depleted of autoreactive clones. 
E) All of the answers are required steps. 
A) tumor-specific cells being isolated. 
B) tumor-specific cells being activated to overcome tumor-induced anergy. 
C) the patient being lympho-depleted to facilitate reintroduction. 
D) tumor-specific cells being depleted of autoreactive clones. 
E) All of the answers are required steps.

Question 6

Hematopoietic tumors include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Lung cancer 
B) Leukemia 
C) Lymphoma 
D) Myeloma 
E) All of the answers are hematopoietic tumors. 
A) Lung cancer 
B) Leukemia 
C) Lymphoma 
D) Myeloma 
E) All of the answers are hematopoietic tumors.

Question 7

Is it better to be diagnosed with an acute lymphoma or a chronic lymphoma? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Somewhat counterintuitively, patients di

Question 8

Immunoediting does NOT

Accepted Answer

A) lead to more aggressive tumors by natural selection. 
B) lead to elimination of tumor cells. 
C) consist of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. 
D) extend over a period of several to many years. 
E) All of the answers describe immunoediting. 
A) lead to more aggressive tumors by natural selection. 
B) lead to elimination of tumor cells. 
C) consist of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. 
D) extend over a period of several to many years. 
E) All of the answers describe immunoediting.

Question 9

Leukemias can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) either acute or chronic, where chronic is longer lasting. 
B) either acute or chronic, where chronic involves less mature cells. 
C) either lymphocytic or myelogenous, where lymphocytic involves lymphocytes. 
D) either lymphocytic or myelogenous, where lymphocytic involves any white blood cell. 
E) both acute/chronic and lymphocytic/myelogenous. 
A) either acute or chronic, where chronic is longer lasting. 
B) either acute or chronic, where chronic involves less mature cells. 
C) either lymphocytic or myelogenous, where lymphocytic involves lymphocytes. 
D) either lymphocytic or myelogenous, where lymphocytic involves any white blood cell. 
E) both acute/chronic and lymphocytic/myelogenous.

Question 10

The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that

Accepted Answer

A) benign tumors are capable of metastasis. 
B) malignant tumors do not invade surrounding tissue. 
C) benign tumors are not neoplasms. 
D) malignant tumors are capable of uncontrolled growth. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) benign tumors are capable of metastasis. 
B) malignant tumors do not invade surrounding tissue. 
C) benign tumors are not neoplasms. 
D) malignant tumors are capable of uncontrolled growth. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

What are two different ways antibodies can be used as treatments for cancer? Explain.

Accepted Answer

First, monoclonal antibodies can be used

Question 12

Variability in the immune response to cancer leads to observations that

Accepted Answer

A) NK cells and dendritic cells can control cancer cells directly. 
B) NK cells and dendritic cells can activate a helper T-cell response to control cancer. 
C) NK cells and dendritic cells can activate a cytotoxic T-cell response to control cancer. 
D) TH17 cells can activate a response to control cancer. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) NK cells and dendritic cells can control cancer cells directly. 
B) NK cells and dendritic cells can activate a helper T-cell response to control cancer. 
C) NK cells and dendritic cells can activate a cytotoxic T-cell response to control cancer. 
D) TH17 cells can activate a response to control cancer. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

If an individual announces that they have discovered the "cure for cancer," why should you be suspicious? Explain.

Accepted Answer

In this chapter of the text, we have lea

Question 14

Immunotoxins work by

Accepted Answer

A) inducing apoptosis in the target cells. 
B) recruiting complement to kill the target cells. 
C) delivering chemicals specifically to the target cells. 
D) recruiting NK cells. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) inducing apoptosis in the target cells. 
B) recruiting complement to kill the target cells. 
C) delivering chemicals specifically to the target cells. 
D) recruiting NK cells. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Immunotherapy designed to target B-cell lymphoma with a monoclonal antibody is easier to administer than other immunotherapies because

Accepted Answer

A) the lymphoma is more prone to apoptosis. 
B) an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody won't target bystander cells. 
C) the lymphoma is able to conduct class switching. 
D) the lymphoma is localized to specific organs. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) the lymphoma is more prone to apoptosis. 
B) an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody won't target bystander cells. 
C) the lymphoma is able to conduct class switching. 
D) the lymphoma is localized to specific organs. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Malignant transformation of cells usually means that they

Accepted Answer

A) grow in a density-independent fashion. 
B) have reduced dependence on growth factors. 
C) are not anchorage dependent. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) grow in a density-independent fashion. 
B) have reduced dependence on growth factors. 
C) are not anchorage dependent. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Carcinogens are NOT

Accepted Answer

A) agents that induce DNA mutations. 
B) agents that induce transformation. 
C) energy such as ionizing radiation. 
D) viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus. 
E) chemicals such as formaldehyde. 
A) agents that induce DNA mutations. 
B) agents that induce transformation. 
C) energy such as ionizing radiation. 
D) viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus. 
E) chemicals such as formaldehyde.

Question 18

Why can a conventional vaccine for human papilloma virus also be effective at preventing cancer? Explain.

Accepted Answer

This vaccine is designed to prevent infe

Question 19

Metastasis is NOT which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) A property of benign tumors 
B) Invasion of new sites by tumor cells 
C) The production of secondary tumors 
D) A property of malignant tumors 
E) Extremely dangerous 
A) A property of benign tumors 
B) Invasion of new sites by tumor cells 
C) The production of secondary tumors 
D) A property of malignant tumors 
E) Extremely dangerous

Question 20

Gene sequencing from primary tumor cells has revealed a novel mutation in the p53 oncogene.
WT: MEEPQSDPS
Tumor: MEDPQSDPS
Interestingly, this new sequence is well displayed on the cancer patient's own HLA molecules.What two ways could this be an advantage for the patient? Explain.

Accepted Answer

First, because this is a mutation, the h

Cytokine treatment of cancer has proven problematic because

What are the three types of host genes that, when mutated, can lead to tumor formation and cancer? For each type of gene, how do mutations lead to neoplasms? Explain.

A key role for natural killer cells in controlling cancer is NOT supported by the

What are the three classifications of cancer - which one is the MOST common?

The use of tumor-specific T cells reintroduced to patients requires all of the following EXCEPT

Hematopoietic tumors include all but which of the following?

Is it better to be diagnosed with an acute lymphoma or a chronic lymphoma? Explain your answer.

Immunoediting does NOT

Leukemias can be defined as

The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that

What are two different ways antibodies can be used as treatments for cancer? Explain.

Variability in the immune response to cancer leads to observations that

If an individual announces that they have discovered the "cure for cancer," why should you be suspicious? Explain.

Immunotoxins work by

Immunotherapy designed to target B-cell lymphoma with a monoclonal antibody is easier to administer than other immunotherapies because

Malignant transformation of cells usually means that they

Carcinogens are NOT

Why can a conventional vaccine for human papilloma virus also be effective at preventing cancer? Explain.

Metastasis is NOT which of the following?

Gene sequencing from primary tumor cells has revealed a novel mutation in the p53 oncogene. WT: MEEPQSDPS Tumor: MEDPQSDPS Interestingly, this new sequence is well displayed on the cancer patient's own HLA molecules.What two ways could this be an advantage for the patient? Explain.

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 19: Cancer and the Immune System

Cytokine treatment of cancer has proven problematic because

What are the three types of host genes that, when mutated, can lead to tumor formation and cancer? For each type of gene, how do mutations lead to neoplasms? Explain.

A key role for natural killer cells in controlling cancer is NOT supported by the

What are the three classifications of cancer - which one is the MOST common?

The use of tumor-specific T cells reintroduced to patients requires all of the following EXCEPT

Hematopoietic tumors include all but which of the following?

Is it better to be diagnosed with an acute lymphoma or a chronic lymphoma? Explain your answer.

Immunoediting does NOT

Leukemias can be defined as

The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that

What are two different ways antibodies can be used as treatments for cancer? Explain.

Variability in the immune response to cancer leads to observations that

If an individual announces that they have discovered the "cure for cancer," why should you be suspicious? Explain.

Immunotoxins work by

Immunotherapy designed to target B-cell lymphoma with a monoclonal antibody is easier to administer than other immunotherapies because

Malignant transformation of cells usually means that they

Carcinogens are NOT

Why can a conventional vaccine for human papilloma virus also be effective at preventing cancer? Explain.

Metastasis is NOT which of the following?

Gene sequencing from primary tumor cells has revealed a novel mutation in the p53 oncogene. WT: MEEPQSDPS Tumor: MEDPQSDPS Interestingly, this new sequence is well displayed on the cancer patient's own HLA molecules.What two ways could this be an advantage for the patient? Explain.

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters