Question 1

Nonprotein antigens are not recognized by T cells.Is this statement true or false? Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

Nonprotein antigens are recognized by T cells but not via MHC I or MHC II.For example, mycolic acid, derived from some bacterial pathogens (e.g., M.tuberculosis), are presented to T cells using nonclassical MHC molecules including CD1.

Question 2

Which of the following are functions related to the expression of MHC molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) To display self-peptides to demonstrate cell health 
B) To display foreign peptides 
C) To display self-peptides to test developing T cells for autoreactivity 
D) To display self-peptides to maintain self-tolerances 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) To display self-peptides to demonstrate cell health 
B) To display foreign peptides 
C) To display self-peptides to test developing T cells for autoreactivity 
D) To display self-peptides to maintain self-tolerances 
E) All of the answers are correct. E

Question 3

MHC molecules

Accepted Answer

A) are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in the serum. 
B) are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells. 
C) bind repeating patterns found on pathogens. 
D) are recognized by T cells. 
E) are conserved between individuals. 
A) are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in the serum. 
B) are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells. 
C) bind repeating patterns found on pathogens. 
D) are recognized by T cells. 
E) are conserved between individuals. D

Question 4

What is the role of the invariant chain (Ii)?

Accepted Answer

A) To prevent peptide binding to class II in the ER 
B) To assist in folding class II ? and ? chains 
C) To direct class II to the endocytic compartment 
D) To serve as a substrate for proteases in the lysosome 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) To prevent peptide binding to class II in the ER 
B) To assist in folding class II ? and ? chains 
C) To direct class II to the endocytic compartment 
D) To serve as a substrate for proteases in the lysosome 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

MHC expression is constitutive; however, levels of MHC I and II can vary depending on conditions.Which of the following is NOT known to influence MHC expression levels?

Accepted Answer

A) CITA and CIIITA 
B) Hepatitis B infection 
C) IL-4 levels 
D) Corticosteroids 
E) All of the answers are factors that can influence MHC levels. 
A) CITA and CIIITA 
B) Hepatitis B infection 
C) IL-4 levels 
D) Corticosteroids 
E) All of the answers are factors that can influence MHC levels.

Question 6

You might have noticed that two people may respond to the same bacterial pathogen differently.Although "Person A" might only suffer a minor disease, "Person B" may take longer to clear the same pathogen.Argue how this discrepancy can be explained, at least in part, by the determinant selection model.

Accepted Answer

Person A and B have different MHC II mol

Question 7

Which of the following BEST represents the relationship of polypeptide units in MHC class II?

Accepted Answer

A)  ? and ? chains from any gene can pair with each other 
B) Only . ? and ? chains from the same gene can pair with each other 
C) Only ? and ? chains of the same allele can pair with each other 
D)  ?
Chains can pair with other ? chains, but ? ? chains can only pair with chains. 
E)  ? and ? chains pair until the complex is exported to the cell surface and can bind ? 2-microglobulin 
A)  ? and ? chains from any gene can pair with each other 
B) Only . ? and ? chains from the same gene can pair with each other 
C) Only ? and ? chains of the same allele can pair with each other 
D)  ?
Chains can pair with other ? chains, but ? ? chains can only pair with chains. 
E)  ? and ? chains pair until the complex is exported to the cell surface and can bind ? 2-microglobulin

Question 8

You have two brothers and a sister, and your parents have different haplotypes.Are you more likely to be histocompatible with a sibling within your family or your parents?

Accepted Answer

You are more likely to be hist

Question 9

Of the classical MHC genes, which, could you argue, are LEAST related to antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

A) MHC I genes 
B) MHC II genes 
C) MHC III genes 
D) Both MHC I and II genes 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) MHC I genes 
B) MHC II genes 
C) MHC III genes 
D) Both MHC I and II genes 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with little diversity in the MHC.Which of the following would be a likely outcome of this?

Accepted Answer

A) They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with high diversity in the TCR. 
B) They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with high diversity in the BCR. 
C) They would rely only on innate immune responses. 
D) They would be at higher risk of infection. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with high diversity in the TCR. 
B) They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with high diversity in the BCR. 
C) They would rely only on innate immune responses. 
D) They would be at higher risk of infection. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Peptide-binding diversity is increased by

Accepted Answer

A) multiple MHC alleles in the population, only. 
B) multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome, only. 
C) both multiple MHC alleles in the population and multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome. 
D) None of the answers are correct. 
A) multiple MHC alleles in the population, only. 
B) multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome, only. 
C) both multiple MHC alleles in the population and multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome. 
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a mouse MHC gene?

Accepted Answer

A) IA 
B) IE 
C) DP 
D) D 
E) K 
A) IA 
B) IE 
C) DP 
D) D 
E) K

Question 13

The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions of the genome.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) It has the most different genes. 
B) There are many different alleles of these genes. 
C) Sequence variability is low in this region. 
D) There are many introns in this region. 
E) This region is regulated by many different mechanisms. 
A) It has the most different genes. 
B) There are many different alleles of these genes. 
C) Sequence variability is low in this region. 
D) There are many introns in this region. 
E) This region is regulated by many different mechanisms.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the holes-in-the-repertoire model and the determinant-selection model of immune responsiveness.

Accepted Answer

In the determinant-selection model, diff

Question 15

B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor diversity is generated through genomic rearrangement and gene editing mechanisms.Compare those mechanisms with mechanisms used to generate MHC diversity in an individual.How are the mechanisms the same, and how are they different?

Accepted Answer

The ultimate goal of the mechanisms is t

Question 16

Under which of the following conditions would T-cell activation be LEAST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrophages are incubated with antigen, then fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
B) Macrophages are fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with antigen, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
C) Macrophages are fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with digested antigen, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
D) Macrophages are incubated with digested antigen, then fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
E) Macrophages are incubated with antigen and then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
A) Macrophages are incubated with antigen, then fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
B) Macrophages are fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with antigen, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
C) Macrophages are fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with digested antigen, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
D) Macrophages are incubated with digested antigen, then fixed with paraformaldehyde, then incubated with antigen-specific T cells. 
E) Macrophages are incubated with antigen and then incubated with antigen-specific T cells.

Question 17

Which of the following cell types would be MOST likely to express MHC class I?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) Dendritic cells 
D) Lung epithelial cells 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) Dendritic cells 
D) Lung epithelial cells 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC and ? 2-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHC is found at the cell surface.Inhibition of which of the following molecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) TCR 
B) RAG 
C) CLIP 
D) TAP 
E) Ii 
A) TCR 
B) RAG 
C) CLIP 
D) TAP 
E) Ii

Question 19

Which of the following cell types would be LEAST likely to express MHC class II?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) Dendritic cells 
D) Thymic epithelial cells 
E) Vascular endothelial cells 
A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) Dendritic cells 
D) Thymic epithelial cells 
E) Vascular endothelial cells

Question 20

Of the cells listed below, predict which is LEAST likely to be presenting antigens by MHC II during an immune response to an extracellular pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) Dendritic cells 
B) Macrophages 
C) B cells 
D) Intestinal epithelial cells 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) Dendritic cells 
B) Macrophages 
C) B cells 
D) Intestinal epithelial cells 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Nonprotein antigens are not recognized by T cells.Is this statement true or false? Justify your answer.

Which of the following are functions related to the expression of MHC molecules?

MHC molecules

What is the role of the invariant chain (Ii)?

MHC expression is constitutive; however, levels of MHC I and II can vary depending on conditions.Which of the following is NOT known to influence MHC expression levels?

Which of the following BEST represents the relationship of polypeptide units in MHC class II?

You have two brothers and a sister, and your parents have different haplotypes.Are you more likely to be histocompatible with a sibling within your family or your parents?

Of the classical MHC genes, which, could you argue, are LEAST related to antigen presentation?

Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with little diversity in the MHC.Which of the following would be a likely outcome of this?

Peptide-binding diversity is increased by

Which of the following is NOT a mouse MHC gene?

The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions of the genome.What does this mean?

Compare and contrast the holes-in-the-repertoire model and the determinant-selection model of immune responsiveness.

B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor diversity is generated through genomic rearrangement and gene editing mechanisms.Compare those mechanisms with mechanisms used to generate MHC diversity in an individual.How are the mechanisms the same, and how are they different?

Under which of the following conditions would T-cell activation be LEAST likely to occur?

Which of the following cell types would be MOST likely to express MHC class I?

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC and ? ₂-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHC is found at the cell surface.Inhibition of which of the following molecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for this phenomenon?

Which of the following cell types would be LEAST likely to express MHC class II?

Of the cells listed below, predict which is LEAST likely to be presenting antigens by MHC II during an immune response to an extracellular pathogen.

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 7: The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

Nonprotein antigens are not recognized by T cells.Is this statement true or false? Justify your answer.

Which of the following are functions related to the expression of MHC molecules?

MHC molecules

What is the role of the invariant chain (Ii)?

MHC expression is constitutive; however, levels of MHC I and II can vary depending on conditions.Which of the following is NOT known to influence MHC expression levels?

Which of the following BEST represents the relationship of polypeptide units in MHC class II?

You have two brothers and a sister, and your parents have different haplotypes.Are you more likely to be histocompatible with a sibling within your family or your parents?

Of the classical MHC genes, which, could you argue, are LEAST related to antigen presentation?

Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with little diversity in the MHC.Which of the following would be a likely outcome of this?

Peptide-binding diversity is increased by

Which of the following is NOT a mouse MHC gene?

The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions of the genome.What does this mean?

Compare and contrast the holes-in-the-repertoire model and the determinant-selection model of immune responsiveness.

B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor diversity is generated through genomic rearrangement and gene editing mechanisms.Compare those mechanisms with mechanisms used to generate MHC diversity in an individual.How are the mechanisms the same, and how are they different?

Under which of the following conditions would T-cell activation be LEAST likely to occur?

Which of the following cell types would be MOST likely to express MHC class I?

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC and ? 2-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHC is found at the cell surface.Inhibition of which of the following molecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for this phenomenon?

Which of the following cell types would be LEAST likely to express MHC class II?

Of the cells listed below, predict which is LEAST likely to be presenting antigens by MHC II during an immune response to an extracellular pathogen.

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC and ? ₂-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHC is found at the cell surface.Inhibition of which of the following molecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for this phenomenon?