Question 1

After extravasation, naïve lymphocytes enter the _____ to scan for antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) thymic cortex 
B) lymph node medulla 
C) lymph node cortex 
D) high-endothelial venule 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) thymic cortex 
B) lymph node medulla 
C) lymph node cortex 
D) high-endothelial venule 
E) None of the answers are correct. C

Question 2

Lymphocytes exit the blood and enter the lymph node by extravasating at the high-endothelial venules (HEVs) present in the lymph node cortex.Extravasation does NOT require which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Homing 
B) Addressins 
C) Chemokines 
D) Dendritic cells 
E) All of the answers are required. 
A) Homing 
B) Addressins 
C) Chemokines 
D) Dendritic cells 
E) All of the answers are required. D

Question 3

Reticular networks in the lymph nodes

Accepted Answer

A) are made of fibroblasts. 
B) guide T-cell movements. 
C) guide B-cell movements. 
D) regulate lymphocyte direction. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) are made of fibroblasts. 
B) guide T-cell movements. 
C) guide B-cell movements. 
D) regulate lymphocyte direction. 
E) All of the answers are correct. E

Question 4

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

A) Antigen uptake > antigen processing > APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen presentation 
B) APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen uptake > antigen processing > antigen presentation 
C) APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen presentation > antigen uptake > antigen processing 
D) Antigen uptake > antigen processing > antigen presentation > APC migration to lymph nodes 
E) APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen uptake > antigen presentation > antigen processing 
A) Antigen uptake > antigen processing > APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen presentation 
B) APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen uptake > antigen processing > antigen presentation 
C) APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen presentation > antigen uptake > antigen processing 
D) Antigen uptake > antigen processing > antigen presentation > APC migration to lymph nodes 
E) APC migration to lymph nodes > antigen uptake > antigen presentation > antigen processing

Question 5

Compare and contrast how a soluble toxin subunit and a malarial parasite (sporozoite) would travel through the body.How would each be recognized by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Small, soluble antigens (such as the hyp

Question 6

Which of the following cell types is NOT likely to be present early on in an infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Granulocytes 
B) Antigen-presenting cells 
C) Cytotoxic T cells 
D) Dendritic cells 
E) Neutrophils 
A) Granulocytes 
B) Antigen-presenting cells 
C) Cytotoxic T cells 
D) Dendritic cells 
E) Neutrophils

Question 7

Visualization of B-cell traffic between the light and dark zones of the germinal center has shown that they migrate far less than had been predicted.This demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A) the traditional model of trafficking is inaccurate. 
B) the rate of hypermutation and selection does not require extensive movement. 
C) only brief contacts by the B cells with helper T cells are needed. 
D) both the traditional model of trafficking is inaccurate and only brief contacts by the B cells with helper T cells are needed. 
E) both the rate of hypermutation and selection does not require extensive movement and only brief contacts by the B cells with helper T cells are needed. 
A) the traditional model of trafficking is inaccurate. 
B) the rate of hypermutation and selection does not require extensive movement. 
C) only brief contacts by the B cells with helper T cells are needed. 
D) both the traditional model of trafficking is inaccurate and only brief contacts by the B cells with helper T cells are needed. 
E) both the rate of hypermutation and selection does not require extensive movement and only brief contacts by the B cells with helper T cells are needed.

Question 8

Which of the following is the proper order of transfer for opsonized antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) CD169+ macrophages > follicular dendritic cells > antigen nonspecific B cells 
B) Antigen nonspecific B cells > CD169+ macrophages > follicular dendritic cells 
C) CD169+ macrophages > antigen nonspecific B cells > follicular dendritic cells 
D) Antigen nonspecific B cells > follicular dendritic cells > CD169+ macrophages 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) CD169+ macrophages > follicular dendritic cells > antigen nonspecific B cells 
B) Antigen nonspecific B cells > CD169+ macrophages > follicular dendritic cells 
C) CD169+ macrophages > antigen nonspecific B cells > follicular dendritic cells 
D) Antigen nonspecific B cells > follicular dendritic cells > CD169+ macrophages 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

T-cell help of B cells will be impaired if the T cells lack CD28 because

Accepted Answer

A) CD28 is needed to activate class switching by turning on AICD. 
B) CD28 is needed to interact with CD40 on the B cell. 
C) CD28 is needed to signal through the B-cell receptor. 
D) CD28 is needed to signal through the T-cell receptor. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) CD28 is needed to activate class switching by turning on AICD. 
B) CD28 is needed to interact with CD40 on the B cell. 
C) CD28 is needed to signal through the B-cell receptor. 
D) CD28 is needed to signal through the T-cell receptor. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Provide an example of the immune system helping to spread an infection throughout the body, including an analysis of how the infection is able to circulate.

Accepted Answer

There are many examples of pathogens exp

Question 11

Listeria is able to persist in an infection because it

Accepted Answer

A) avoids being broken down and presented as antigen. 
B) localizes quickly to lymph nodes and persists there. 
C) reproduces inside macrophages. 
D) is passed by dendritic cells to monocytes. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) avoids being broken down and presented as antigen. 
B) localizes quickly to lymph nodes and persists there. 
C) reproduces inside macrophages. 
D) is passed by dendritic cells to monocytes. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Several types of T cells have been shown to be able to provide help for B cells during activation.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) All produce the same chemokine to activate but provide different CD40 signals. 
B) All produce the same chemokine and the same CD40 signal as well. 
C) All provide CD40 signaling but produce different chemokines. 
D) All provide CD40 signaling but trigger distinct class switching. 
E) All provide CD40 signaling but produce different chemokines and trigger distinct class switching. 
A) All produce the same chemokine to activate but provide different CD40 signals. 
B) All produce the same chemokine and the same CD40 signal as well. 
C) All provide CD40 signaling but produce different chemokines. 
D) All provide CD40 signaling but trigger distinct class switching. 
E) All provide CD40 signaling but produce different chemokines and trigger distinct class switching.

Question 13

After production, naïve lymphocytes travel briefly through the blood to the

Accepted Answer

A) spleen. 
B) peripheral lymph nodes. 
C) mucosal associated lymphoid tissue. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) spleen. 
B) peripheral lymph nodes. 
C) mucosal associated lymphoid tissue. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Naïve B cells do NOT depend on which of the following as they move through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

A) Follicular dendritic cells 
B) Fibroblastic reticular fibers 
C) Chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 
D) The chemokine CXCL13 
E) Naïve B cells do not depend on any of the answer choices provided. 
A) Follicular dendritic cells 
B) Fibroblastic reticular fibers 
C) Chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 
D) The chemokine CXCL13 
E) Naïve B cells do not depend on any of the answer choices provided.

Question 15

What is extravasation, and what are its four primary steps?

Accepted Answer

Extravasation is the process of immune s

Question 16

Explain the function of nonantigen-specific B cells during the early phases of the adaptive immune response.

Accepted Answer

When antigens are opsonized by complemen

Question 17

During activation, naïve CD4+ T cells

Accepted Answer

A) interact with antigen-presenting cells. 
B) reduce movement. 
C) begin to divide. 
D) move to interact with B cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) interact with antigen-presenting cells. 
B) reduce movement. 
C) begin to divide. 
D) move to interact with B cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

How do CD4+ T cells provide physical help to CD8 T cells, given that they interact with different classes of MHC molecules?

Accepted Answer

Because of imaging studies, we know that

Question 19

Activation of naïve B cells is a two-step process, during which

Accepted Answer

A) antigen triggers B-cell production of CCR7, which leads it to interact with T cells. 
B) antigen triggers T-cell production of CCR7, which recruits B cells. 
C) T-cell help stimulates B cells to produce CCR7, then divide. 
D) macrophages trigger B-cell production of CCR7, which leads it to interact with T cells. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) antigen triggers B-cell production of CCR7, which leads it to interact with T cells. 
B) antigen triggers T-cell production of CCR7, which recruits B cells. 
C) T-cell help stimulates B cells to produce CCR7, then divide. 
D) macrophages trigger B-cell production of CCR7, which leads it to interact with T cells. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

The failure of cytotoxic T cells to eliminate tumors can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A) failure of tumor antigen presentation. 
B) failure of activation of tumor-specific T cells. 
C) failure of recruitment of T cells to the tumor. 
D) failure of the T cells to produce cytotoxic effector molecules. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) failure of tumor antigen presentation. 
B) failure of activation of tumor-specific T cells. 
C) failure of recruitment of T cells to the tumor. 
D) failure of the T cells to produce cytotoxic effector molecules. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

After extravasation, naïve lymphocytes enter the _____ to scan for antigen.

Lymphocytes exit the blood and enter the lymph node by extravasating at the high-endothelial venules (HEVs) present in the lymph node cortex.Extravasation does NOT require which of the following?

Reticular networks in the lymph nodes

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of events?

Compare and contrast how a soluble toxin subunit and a malarial parasite (sporozoite) would travel through the body.How would each be recognized by the immune system?

Which of the following cell types is NOT likely to be present early on in an infection?

Visualization of B-cell traffic between the light and dark zones of the germinal center has shown that they migrate far less than had been predicted.This demonstrates that

Which of the following is the proper order of transfer for opsonized antigens?

T-cell help of B cells will be impaired if the T cells lack CD28 because

Provide an example of the immune system helping to spread an infection throughout the body, including an analysis of how the infection is able to circulate.

Listeria is able to persist in an infection because it

Several types of T cells have been shown to be able to provide help for B cells during activation.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

After production, naïve lymphocytes travel briefly through the blood to the

Naïve B cells do NOT depend on which of the following as they move through a lymph node?

What is extravasation, and what are its four primary steps?

Explain the function of nonantigen-specific B cells during the early phases of the adaptive immune response.

During activation, naïve CD4⁺ T cells

How do CD4⁺ T cells provide physical help to CD8 T cells, given that they interact with different classes of MHC molecules?

Activation of naïve B cells is a two-step process, during which

The failure of cytotoxic T cells to eliminate tumors can be attributed to

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 14: The Immune Response in Time and Space

After extravasation, naïve lymphocytes enter the _____ to scan for antigen.

Lymphocytes exit the blood and enter the lymph node by extravasating at the high-endothelial venules (HEVs) present in the lymph node cortex.Extravasation does NOT require which of the following?

Reticular networks in the lymph nodes

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of events?

Compare and contrast how a soluble toxin subunit and a malarial parasite (sporozoite) would travel through the body.How would each be recognized by the immune system?

Which of the following cell types is NOT likely to be present early on in an infection?

Visualization of B-cell traffic between the light and dark zones of the germinal center has shown that they migrate far less than had been predicted.This demonstrates that

Which of the following is the proper order of transfer for opsonized antigens?

T-cell help of B cells will be impaired if the T cells lack CD28 because

Provide an example of the immune system helping to spread an infection throughout the body, including an analysis of how the infection is able to circulate.

Listeria is able to persist in an infection because it

Several types of T cells have been shown to be able to provide help for B cells during activation.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

After production, naïve lymphocytes travel briefly through the blood to the

Naïve B cells do NOT depend on which of the following as they move through a lymph node?

What is extravasation, and what are its four primary steps?

Explain the function of nonantigen-specific B cells during the early phases of the adaptive immune response.

During activation, naïve CD4+ T cells

How do CD4+ T cells provide physical help to CD8 T cells, given that they interact with different classes of MHC molecules?

Activation of naïve B cells is a two-step process, during which

The failure of cytotoxic T cells to eliminate tumors can be attributed to

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

During activation, naïve CD4⁺ T cells

How do CD4⁺ T cells provide physical help to CD8 T cells, given that they interact with different classes of MHC molecules?