Question 1

The first immunoglobulin isotype produced during the course of a primary immune response contains which of the following heavy chains?

Accepted Answer

A)  ? 
B)  ? 
C)  ? 
D)  ? 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A)  ? 
B)  ? 
C)  ? 
D)  ? 
E) None of the answers are correct. D

Question 2

B cells follow which of the following chemotactic signals to migrate to the cortical regions of secondary lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) CCL19 
B) CXCL13 
C) CCL21 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) CCL19 
B) CXCL13 
C) CCL21 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. B

Question 3

After endocytosing its BCR cognate antigen, B cells

Accepted Answer

A) upregulate CD80 
B) upregulate CD86 
C) upregulate CD40 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) upregulate CD80 
B) upregulate CD86 
C) upregulate CD40 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. D

Question 4

What are three different ways memory B cells can be regulated? Why is regulation of B-cell responses important?

Accepted Answer

Any three of these: Activation

Question 5

Which of the following mechanisms of mutagenesis via AID activity is possible?

Accepted Answer

A) The lesion is not repaired prior to replication, resulting in a CG   TA transition 
B) Base excision repair, followed by error-prone DNA polymerase fill-in of the gap created. 
C) Mismatch repair, followed by error-prone DNA polymerase fill-in of the gap created. 
D) All of the options are possible. 
E) None of the options are possible. 
A) The lesion is not repaired prior to replication, resulting in a CG   TA transition 
B) Base excision repair, followed by error-prone DNA polymerase fill-in of the gap created. 
C) Mismatch repair, followed by error-prone DNA polymerase fill-in of the gap created. 
D) All of the options are possible. 
E) None of the options are possible.

Question 6

SHM and CSR are both dependent on the activity of which of the following enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) AID 
B) RAG-1/2 
C) DNA uridine glycosylase 
D) Both AID and RAG-1/2 are required for SHM and CSR. 
E) Both AID and DNA uridine glycosylase are required for SHM and CSR. 
A) AID 
B) RAG-1/2 
C) DNA uridine glycosylase 
D) Both AID and RAG-1/2 are required for SHM and CSR. 
E) Both AID and DNA uridine glycosylase are required for SHM and CSR.

Question 7

What do SHP-1 and IL-10 have in common with regard to B-cell function?

Accepted Answer

A) Both exert negative regulation of B-cell activity. 
B) Both exert positive regulation of B-cell activity. 
C) Both are B-cell survival factors. 
D) Both induce B-cell proliferation. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) Both exert negative regulation of B-cell activity. 
B) Both exert positive regulation of B-cell activity. 
C) Both are B-cell survival factors. 
D) Both induce B-cell proliferation. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is a way in which follicular B cells can acquire antigen entering a lymph node via an afferent lymphatic?

Accepted Answer

A) Direct capture of whole antigen that directly enters the follicle by passing between subcapsular sinus macrophages. 
B) Transfer of complement-bound antigen from surface receptors on subcapsular sinus macrophages to B cells. 
C) Passage of antigen from subcapsular sinus macrophages to follicular dendritic cells to B cells. 
D) Passage of antigen from DCs that reside near HEVs to B cells. 
E) All of the answers are possible. 
A) Direct capture of whole antigen that directly enters the follicle by passing between subcapsular sinus macrophages. 
B) Transfer of complement-bound antigen from surface receptors on subcapsular sinus macrophages to B cells. 
C) Passage of antigen from subcapsular sinus macrophages to follicular dendritic cells to B cells. 
D) Passage of antigen from DCs that reside near HEVs to B cells. 
E) All of the answers are possible.

Question 9

How are Bcl-6 and BLIMP-1 related to B-cell fates? Which protein leads to which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Bcl-6 and BLIMP-1 are antagonistic and l

Question 10

Which of the following constitutes the critical survival cytokine for B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissue cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) BAFF 
B) IL-7 
C) IL-2 
D) IL-6 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) BAFF 
B) IL-7 
C) IL-2 
D) IL-6 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true of T-independent antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) They are rarely proteins. 
B) They may contain PAMPs. 
C) They may be heavily polymerized. 
D) They are rarely carbohydrates. 
E) All of the answers are true. 
A) They are rarely proteins. 
B) They may contain PAMPs. 
C) They may be heavily polymerized. 
D) They are rarely carbohydrates. 
E) All of the answers are true.

Question 12

The function of SHM is BEST described by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing junctional diversity in IgH and IgL V regions. 
B) Increasing the affinity of immunoglobulins for their antigen. 
C) Irreversibly changing the isotype of immunoglobulin. 
D) Promoting alternative splicing of an immunoglobulin heavy chain transcript to produce different isotypes on the B-cell surface. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) Increasing junctional diversity in IgH and IgL V regions. 
B) Increasing the affinity of immunoglobulins for their antigen. 
C) Irreversibly changing the isotype of immunoglobulin. 
D) Promoting alternative splicing of an immunoglobulin heavy chain transcript to produce different isotypes on the B-cell surface. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following is a negative regulator of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) CD21 
B) CD22 
C) CD80 
D) CD86 
E) All of the answers are positive regulators. 
A) CD21 
B) CD22 
C) CD80 
D) CD86 
E) All of the answers are positive regulators.

Question 14

What type of macromolecule is BEST able to produce a T-independent B-cell response? What are some common characteristics of TI antigens?

Accepted Answer

The majority of TI antigens are carbohyd

Question 15

With regard to the type of B-cell response generated, protein antigens typically provoke which of the following responses?

Accepted Answer

A) TI-1 
B) TI-2 
C) TD 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) TI-1 
B) TI-2 
C) TD 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Post-germinal-center plasma cells that take up residence in the bone marrow can be found in close proximity to which other type of immune cells that provide survival factors to the plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrophages 
B) DCs 
C) Monocytes 
D) Eosinophils 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) Macrophages 
B) DCs 
C) Monocytes 
D) Eosinophils 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Which immunoglobulin isotype CANNOT be produced by memory B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) IgG1 
C) IgA2 
D) IgE 
E) All of the answers can be produced by memory B cells. 
A) IgM 
B) IgG1 
C) IgA2 
D) IgE 
E) All of the answers can be produced by memory B cells.

Question 18

What cells in our body typically have the HIGHEST rate of mutation? What is occurring in these cells? Explain.

Accepted Answer

B cells, specifically in lymph node germ

Question 19

What special role do follicular dendritic cells play in germinal centers, and how are they adapted for this role?

Accepted Answer

FDCs are reservoirs of antigen for B-cel

Question 20

Which of the following antigen types could be characterized as TI antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) Soluble proteins 
B) Bacterial cell wall components 
C) Capsular polysaccharides 
D) Both bacterial cell wall components and soluble proteins 
E) Both bacterial cell wall components and capsular polysaccharides 
A) Soluble proteins 
B) Bacterial cell wall components 
C) Capsular polysaccharides 
D) Both bacterial cell wall components and soluble proteins 
E) Both bacterial cell wall components and capsular polysaccharides

The first immunoglobulin isotype produced during the course of a primary immune response contains which of the following heavy chains?

B cells follow which of the following chemotactic signals to migrate to the cortical regions of secondary lymphoid tissue?

After endocytosing its BCR cognate antigen, B cells

What are three different ways memory B cells can be regulated? Why is regulation of B-cell responses important?

Which of the following mechanisms of mutagenesis via AID activity is possible?

SHM and CSR are both dependent on the activity of which of the following enzymes?

What do SHP-1 and IL-10 have in common with regard to B-cell function?

Which of the following is a way in which follicular B cells can acquire antigen entering a lymph node via an afferent lymphatic?

How are Bcl-6 and BLIMP-1 related to B-cell fates? Which protein leads to which type of cell?

Which of the following constitutes the critical survival cytokine for B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissue cortex?

Which of the following is NOT true of T-independent antigens?

The function of SHM is BEST described by which of the following statements?

Which of the following is a negative regulator of B cells?

What type of macromolecule is BEST able to produce a T-independent B-cell response? What are some common characteristics of TI antigens?

With regard to the type of B-cell response generated, protein antigens typically provoke which of the following responses?

Post-germinal-center plasma cells that take up residence in the bone marrow can be found in close proximity to which other type of immune cells that provide survival factors to the plasma cells?

Which immunoglobulin isotype CANNOT be produced by memory B cells?

What cells in our body typically have the HIGHEST rate of mutation? What is occurring in these cells? Explain.

What special role do follicular dendritic cells play in germinal centers, and how are they adapted for this role?

Which of the following antigen types could be characterized as TI antigens?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 11: B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

The first immunoglobulin isotype produced during the course of a primary immune response contains which of the following heavy chains?

B cells follow which of the following chemotactic signals to migrate to the cortical regions of secondary lymphoid tissue?

After endocytosing its BCR cognate antigen, B cells

What are three different ways memory B cells can be regulated? Why is regulation of B-cell responses important?

Which of the following mechanisms of mutagenesis via AID activity is possible?

SHM and CSR are both dependent on the activity of which of the following enzymes?

What do SHP-1 and IL-10 have in common with regard to B-cell function?

Which of the following is a way in which follicular B cells can acquire antigen entering a lymph node via an afferent lymphatic?

How are Bcl-6 and BLIMP-1 related to B-cell fates? Which protein leads to which type of cell?

Which of the following constitutes the critical survival cytokine for B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissue cortex?

Which of the following is NOT true of T-independent antigens?

The function of SHM is BEST described by which of the following statements?

Which of the following is a negative regulator of B cells?

What type of macromolecule is BEST able to produce a T-independent B-cell response? What are some common characteristics of TI antigens?

With regard to the type of B-cell response generated, protein antigens typically provoke which of the following responses?

Post-germinal-center plasma cells that take up residence in the bone marrow can be found in close proximity to which other type of immune cells that provide survival factors to the plasma cells?

Which immunoglobulin isotype CANNOT be produced by memory B cells?

What cells in our body typically have the HIGHEST rate of mutation? What is occurring in these cells? Explain.

What special role do follicular dendritic cells play in germinal centers, and how are they adapted for this role?

Which of the following antigen types could be characterized as TI antigens?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters