Question 1

Because reverse transcriptase is an error-prone enzyme, it follows that

Accepted Answer

A) HIV-1 will have a high mutation rate. 
B) drugs targeting HIV will affect only part of any population. 
C) treatment of HIV will produce temporary results only. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) HIV-1 will have a high mutation rate. 
B) drugs targeting HIV will affect only part of any population. 
C) treatment of HIV will produce temporary results only. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a good candidate for immunodeficiency replacement therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunoglobulin 
B) IFN- ? 
C) Hematopoietic stem cells 
D) Defective genes 
E) All of the answers are good candidates. 
A) Immunoglobulin 
B) IFN- ? 
C) Hematopoietic stem cells 
D) Defective genes 
E) All of the answers are good candidates. E

Question 3

Children born with SCID often first become infected with fungi or viruses because

Accepted Answer

A) their T cells function well enough to handle bacterial infection. 
B) maternal antibodies provide protection against bacteria for several months. 
C) their macrophage function is not impaired, and it can contain bacterial pathogens. 
D) complement lysis of bacteria, especially by the alternative pathway, is sufficient protection. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) their T cells function well enough to handle bacterial infection. 
B) maternal antibodies provide protection against bacteria for several months. 
C) their macrophage function is not impaired, and it can contain bacterial pathogens. 
D) complement lysis of bacteria, especially by the alternative pathway, is sufficient protection. 
E) None of the answers are correct. B

Question 4

Characterize the three clinical phases of untreated HIV infection, starting with initial infection.

Accepted Answer

The first weeks of infection are conside

Question 5

HIV-1

Accepted Answer

A) is a retrovirus. 
B) belongs to the lentivirus family. 
C) integrates as a provirus. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) is a retrovirus. 
B) belongs to the lentivirus family. 
C) integrates as a provirus. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Explain how HIV enters a new host.Once inside, how is HIV then able to enter and replicate inside of host cells?

Accepted Answer

HIV is only spread through direct contac

Question 7

Deficiency in the common ? chain of cytokine receptors is a particularly severe problem because

Accepted Answer

A) it is encoded on the X chromosome, so males are hemizygous. 
B) it is used by several cytokine receptors. 
C) it leads to defects in T cells, B cells, and NK cells. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) it is encoded on the X chromosome, so males are hemizygous. 
B) it is used by several cytokine receptors. 
C) it leads to defects in T cells, B cells, and NK cells. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Hypogammaglobulinemia differs from common variable immunodeficiency in that it

Accepted Answer

A) is not heritable. 
B) is characterized by low levels of IgG. 
C) can be treated by IV-gamma globulin. 
D) is relatively mild. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) is not heritable. 
B) is characterized by low levels of IgG. 
C) can be treated by IV-gamma globulin. 
D) is relatively mild. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

What is often the FIRST clue that an individual may have a primary immune deficiency? Explain why it takes time for the deficiency to manifest, despite being inherited and present at birth.

Accepted Answer

The first clue is often recurring illnes

Question 10

Hyper IgM syndrome

Accepted Answer

A) is autosomal. 
B) is a result of a helper T-cell defect. 
C) includes normal affinity maturation. 
D) has impaired cytotoxic T-cell responses. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) is autosomal. 
B) is a result of a helper T-cell defect. 
C) includes normal affinity maturation. 
D) has impaired cytotoxic T-cell responses. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

How can a variety of single-gene mutations all lead to the same condition of MSMD, or Mendelian inheritance of susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Control of the intracellular mycobacteri

Question 12

Defects in which cell type are commonly associated with increased cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

A) NK cells 
B) T cells 
C) B cells 
D) Macrophages 
E) Granulocytes 
A) NK cells 
B) T cells 
C) B cells 
D) Macrophages 
E) Granulocytes

Question 13

The HIV-1 pol protein encodes

Accepted Answer

A) a protease. 
B) an integrase. 
C) a reverse transcriptase. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) a protease. 
B) an integrase. 
C) a reverse transcriptase. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an acquired immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) HIV 
B) Malnutrition 
C) Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia 
D) SCID 
E) Extremes of age 
A) HIV 
B) Malnutrition 
C) Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia 
D) SCID 
E) Extremes of age

Question 15

Primary immunodeficiencies

Accepted Answer

A) are inherited. 
B) are severe. 
C) alter the complement pathway. 
D) affect a range of cell types. 
E) are contagious. 
A) are inherited. 
B) are severe. 
C) alter the complement pathway. 
D) affect a range of cell types. 
E) are contagious.

Question 16

Explain the relationship between the HIV receptors CD4+, CCR5, and CXCR4.

Accepted Answer

All of these are host molecules that the

Question 17

HIV-1 is NOT

Accepted Answer

A) most often transmitted by sexual contact. 
B) most often transmitted by blood products. 
C) able to be transmitted from mother to children during birth. 
D) treatable by antiviral drugs. 
E) able to progress over the course of many years. 
A) most often transmitted by sexual contact. 
B) most often transmitted by blood products. 
C) able to be transmitted from mother to children during birth. 
D) treatable by antiviral drugs. 
E) able to progress over the course of many years.

Question 18

Primary immunodeficiencies are NOT

Accepted Answer

A) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies. 
B) are generally not especially severe. 
C) do not impair complement fixation. 
D) both are the most common primary immunodeficiencies and are generally not especially severe. 
E) both are the most common primary immunodeficiencies and do not impair complement fixation. 
A) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies. 
B) are generally not especially severe. 
C) do not impair complement fixation. 
D) both are the most common primary immunodeficiencies and are generally not especially severe. 
E) both are the most common primary immunodeficiencies and do not impair complement fixation.

Question 19

Which primary immunodeficiency has been co-opted in mice to study a secondary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) SCID 
B) RAG knockout 
C) RAG/IL-2 ? chain knockout 
D) APECED 
E) Bare-lymphocyte syndrome 
A) SCID 
B) RAG knockout 
C) RAG/IL-2 ? chain knockout 
D) APECED 
E) Bare-lymphocyte syndrome

Question 20

HIV-1 and HIV-2 are very similar EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A) HIV-2 progresses far more quickly. 
B) HIV-2 is resident in high percentages in some populations. 
C) HIV-1 is thought to have arisen from FIV, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. 
D) HIV-2 is more widespread. 
E) All of the answers are true. 
A) HIV-2 progresses far more quickly. 
B) HIV-2 is resident in high percentages in some populations. 
C) HIV-1 is thought to have arisen from FIV, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. 
D) HIV-2 is more widespread. 
E) All of the answers are true.

Because reverse transcriptase is an error-prone enzyme, it follows that

Which of the following is NOT a good candidate for immunodeficiency replacement therapy?

Children born with SCID often first become infected with fungi or viruses because

Characterize the three clinical phases of untreated HIV infection, starting with initial infection.

HIV-1

Explain how HIV enters a new host.Once inside, how is HIV then able to enter and replicate inside of host cells?

Deficiency in the common ? chain of cytokine receptors is a particularly severe problem because

Hypogammaglobulinemia differs from common variable immunodeficiency in that it

What is often the FIRST clue that an individual may have a primary immune deficiency? Explain why it takes time for the deficiency to manifest, despite being inherited and present at birth.

Hyper IgM syndrome

How can a variety of single-gene mutations all lead to the same condition of MSMD, or Mendelian inheritance of susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases? Explain.

Defects in which cell type are commonly associated with increased cancer risk?

The HIV-1 pol protein encodes

Which of the following is NOT an acquired immunodeficiency?

Primary immunodeficiencies

Explain the relationship between the HIV receptors CD4⁺, CCR5, and CXCR4.

HIV-1 is NOT

Primary immunodeficiencies are NOT

Which primary immunodeficiency has been co-opted in mice to study a secondary immunodeficiency?

HIV-1 and HIV-2 are very similar EXCEPT that

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 18: Immunodeficiency Disorders

Because reverse transcriptase is an error-prone enzyme, it follows that

Which of the following is NOT a good candidate for immunodeficiency replacement therapy?

Children born with SCID often first become infected with fungi or viruses because

Characterize the three clinical phases of untreated HIV infection, starting with initial infection.

HIV-1

Explain how HIV enters a new host.Once inside, how is HIV then able to enter and replicate inside of host cells?

Deficiency in the common ? chain of cytokine receptors is a particularly severe problem because

Hypogammaglobulinemia differs from common variable immunodeficiency in that it

What is often the FIRST clue that an individual may have a primary immune deficiency? Explain why it takes time for the deficiency to manifest, despite being inherited and present at birth.

Hyper IgM syndrome

How can a variety of single-gene mutations all lead to the same condition of MSMD, or Mendelian inheritance of susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases? Explain.

Defects in which cell type are commonly associated with increased cancer risk?

The HIV-1 pol protein encodes

Which of the following is NOT an acquired immunodeficiency?

Primary immunodeficiencies

Explain the relationship between the HIV receptors CD4+, CCR5, and CXCR4.

HIV-1 is NOT

Primary immunodeficiencies are NOT

Which primary immunodeficiency has been co-opted in mice to study a secondary immunodeficiency?

HIV-1 and HIV-2 are very similar EXCEPT that

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Explain the relationship between the HIV receptors CD4⁺, CCR5, and CXCR4.