Question 1

CD4 binds to

Accepted Answer

A) TCR . ? 
B) TCR . ? 
C) MHC class I. 
D) MHC class II. 
E) CD8. 
A) TCR . ? 
B) TCR . ? 
C) MHC class I. 
D) MHC class II. 
E) CD8. D

Question 2

Antibodies consist of

Accepted Answer

A) two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. 
B) an ? chain, a ? chain, a . ? chain, and a ? chain 
C) two ? chains, an . ? chain, and a ? chain 
D) two ? chains, an . ? chain, and a ? chain 
E) either an ? chain or a a ? chain, a ? chain, and a ? chain. 
A) two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. 
B) an ? chain, a ? chain, a . ? chain, and a ? chain 
C) two ? chains, an . ? chain, and a ? chain 
D) two ? chains, an . ? chain, and a ? chain 
E) either an ? chain or a a ? chain, a ? chain, and a ? chain. A

Question 3

Which of the following would be BEST for depleting an entire class of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-idiotype antibody 
B) Anti-isotype antibodies 
C) Anti-CD19 
D) Anti-CD4 
E) Anti-CD8 
A) Anti-idiotype antibody 
B) Anti-isotype antibodies 
C) Anti-CD19 
D) Anti-CD4 
E) Anti-CD8 B

Question 4

You note a population of T cells that contain primarily high-affinity IL-2R on their cell surfaces.Based on that observation, what can you predict about the activation state of the cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They have not been exposed to antigen. 
B) T cells do not express IL-2R, so we cannot determine their activation state using these data. 
C) This cell population has been exposed to IL-2 and is active. 
D) They have been exposed to antigen but not IL-2. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) They have not been exposed to antigen. 
B) T cells do not express IL-2R, so we cannot determine their activation state using these data. 
C) This cell population has been exposed to IL-2 and is active. 
D) They have been exposed to antigen but not IL-2. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Explain the observation that receptor-ligand interactions are noncovalent despite the weak nature of such bonds versus covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

Receptor-ligand interactions a

Question 6

Consider the following statement: Activated macrophages cannot clear pathogens without activating adaptive immunity.Is the statement true or false? Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

False.In some cases, activated macrophag

Question 7

In your own words, explain an advantage of a bivalent versus univalent approach to receptor-ligand binding.

Accepted Answer

Bivalent binding assures that

Question 8

Regions of TCRs and BCRs that are particularly variable in their amino acid sequences are known for

Accepted Answer

A) binding to antigen. 
B) sticking to denatured proteins. 
C) spanning the plasma membrane. 
D) binding to adaptor proteins. 
E) becoming phosphorylated. 
A) binding to antigen. 
B) sticking to denatured proteins. 
C) spanning the plasma membrane. 
D) binding to adaptor proteins. 
E) becoming phosphorylated.

Question 9

Portions of the cytoplasmic domains of many immune receptors are targets for phosphorylation.These domains are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Grb domains. 
B) ITAMs. 
C) leucine zipper motifs. 
D) SOS domains. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) Grb domains. 
B) ITAMs. 
C) leucine zipper motifs. 
D) SOS domains. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the cell membrane that are enriched in

Accepted Answer

A) unsaturated fats. 
B) cholesterol. 
C) metabolic proteins. 
D) clathrin. 
E) tubulin. 
A) unsaturated fats. 
B) cholesterol. 
C) metabolic proteins. 
D) clathrin. 
E) tubulin.

Question 11

Which of the following contains the MOST ITAMs?

Accepted Answer

A) CD3 ? 
B) CD3 ? 
C) CD3 ? 
D) TCR ? 
E) TCR ? 
A) CD3 ? 
B) CD3 ? 
C) CD3 ? 
D) TCR ? 
E) TCR ?

Question 12

G proteins

Accepted Answer

A) bind GTP. 
B) dephosphrylate ITAMs. 
C) are transcription factors. 
D) downmodulate immune responses. 
E) are adhesion molecules. 
A) bind GTP. 
B) dephosphrylate ITAMs. 
C) are transcription factors. 
D) downmodulate immune responses. 
E) are adhesion molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following are well-established ways that tyrosine phosphorylation directly affects signaling pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Inducing kinase activity 
B) Recruiting enzymes through SH2 domains 
C) Opening calcium channels 
D) Both inducing kinase activity and recruiting enzymes through SH2 domains 
E) Both recruiting enzymes through SH2 domains and opening calcium channels 
A) Inducing kinase activity 
B) Recruiting enzymes through SH2 domains 
C) Opening calcium channels 
D) Both inducing kinase activity and recruiting enzymes through SH2 domains 
E) Both recruiting enzymes through SH2 domains and opening calcium channels

Question 14

Three different class 1 cytokine receptor α chains bind the same β chain to form functional cellular receptors.Are there advantages to this type of "mixing and matching" of protein chains?

Accepted Answer

Absolutely.Combining one receptor protei

Question 15

An antibody's idiotype refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the kind of Fc region it contains. 
B) the sequence of its CDR. 
C) Ii's allelic form. 
D) whether it is membrane bound or secreted. 
E) which accessory molecules associate with it. 
A) the kind of Fc region it contains. 
B) the sequence of its CDR. 
C) Ii's allelic form. 
D) whether it is membrane bound or secreted. 
E) which accessory molecules associate with it.

Question 16

Which of the following is responsible for IL-2 expression in T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) NF- ? B 
B) NFAT 
C) AP-1 
D) Both NF- ? B and NFAT are responsible 
E) All of the answers are responsible. 
A) NF- ? B 
B) NFAT 
C) AP-1 
D) Both NF- ? B and NFAT are responsible 
E) All of the answers are responsible.

Question 17

Name the two key elements to a meaningful receptor-ligand interaction as a means of cell-to-cell communication.

Accepted Answer

The two most important element

Question 18

Structural studies of a potentially new cell surface protein reveal a hydrophobic C-terminal region, several regions consisting of β sheets, predicted disulfide bonds, and a variable N-terminal area dominated by loops.Based on this information, what family of proteins might this protein belong to? What is a potential function of the hydrophobic C-terminal region?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement described sugg

Question 19

Carbohydrate chains attached to the CH2 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG are believed to

Accepted Answer

A) allow for closer contact between partner chains. 
B) confer stability to the molecule resulting in a higher desaturation temperature. 
C) prevent protease degradation. 
D) provide space for complement protein binding. 
E) increase binding affinity for antigen. 
A) allow for closer contact between partner chains. 
B) confer stability to the molecule resulting in a higher desaturation temperature. 
C) prevent protease degradation. 
D) provide space for complement protein binding. 
E) increase binding affinity for antigen.

Question 20

Ka, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The concentration of unbound ligand 
B) The concentration of unbound receptor 
C) The affinity of receptor for ligand 
D) The size of the receptor relative to the ligand 
E) The number of ligands for each receptor 
A) The concentration of unbound ligand 
B) The concentration of unbound receptor 
C) The affinity of receptor for ligand 
D) The size of the receptor relative to the ligand 
E) The number of ligands for each receptor

CD4 binds to

Antibodies consist of

Which of the following would be BEST for depleting an entire class of antibodies?

You note a population of T cells that contain primarily high-affinity IL-2R on their cell surfaces.Based on that observation, what can you predict about the activation state of the cells?

Explain the observation that receptor-ligand interactions are noncovalent despite the weak nature of such bonds versus covalent bonds.

Consider the following statement: Activated macrophages cannot clear pathogens without activating adaptive immunity.Is the statement true or false? Justify your answer.

In your own words, explain an advantage of a bivalent versus univalent approach to receptor-ligand binding.

Regions of TCRs and BCRs that are particularly variable in their amino acid sequences are known for

Portions of the cytoplasmic domains of many immune receptors are targets for phosphorylation.These domains are known as

Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the cell membrane that are enriched in

Which of the following contains the MOST ITAMs?

G proteins

Which of the following are well-established ways that tyrosine phosphorylation directly affects signaling pathways?

Three different class 1 cytokine receptor α chains bind the same β chain to form functional cellular receptors.Are there advantages to this type of "mixing and matching" of protein chains?

An antibody's idiotype refers to

Which of the following is responsible for IL-2 expression in T cells?

Name the two key elements to a meaningful receptor-ligand interaction as a means of cell-to-cell communication.

Carbohydrate chains attached to the C_H2 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG are believed to

K_a, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 3: Recognition and Response

CD4 binds to

Antibodies consist of

Which of the following would be BEST for depleting an entire class of antibodies?

You note a population of T cells that contain primarily high-affinity IL-2R on their cell surfaces.Based on that observation, what can you predict about the activation state of the cells?

Explain the observation that receptor-ligand interactions are noncovalent despite the weak nature of such bonds versus covalent bonds.

Consider the following statement: Activated macrophages cannot clear pathogens without activating adaptive immunity.Is the statement true or false? Justify your answer.

In your own words, explain an advantage of a bivalent versus univalent approach to receptor-ligand binding.

Regions of TCRs and BCRs that are particularly variable in their amino acid sequences are known for

Portions of the cytoplasmic domains of many immune receptors are targets for phosphorylation.These domains are known as

Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the cell membrane that are enriched in

Which of the following contains the MOST ITAMs?

G proteins

Which of the following are well-established ways that tyrosine phosphorylation directly affects signaling pathways?

Three different class 1 cytokine receptor α chains bind the same β chain to form functional cellular receptors.Are there advantages to this type of "mixing and matching" of protein chains?

An antibody's idiotype refers to

Which of the following is responsible for IL-2 expression in T cells?

Name the two key elements to a meaningful receptor-ligand interaction as a means of cell-to-cell communication.

Carbohydrate chains attached to the CH2 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG are believed to

Ka, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Carbohydrate chains attached to the C_H2 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG are believed to

K_a, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?