Question 1

What is currently the BEST explanation for what determines whether a T cell develops into a CD8+ T cell or a CD4+ T cell?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4/TCR coengagement suppresses CD8 expression, and CD8/TCR coengagement suppresses CD4 expression. 
B) T cells randomly downregulate CD4 or CD8, and only cells that still bind the appropriate MHC will get a strong enough signal to survive. 
C) CD4 or CD8 expression is determined by the strength and duration of the TCR/MHC interaction. 
D) CD4 or CD8 expression is predestined in the bone marrow. 
E) Only ?? T cells express CD8. 
A) CD4/TCR coengagement suppresses CD8 expression, and CD8/TCR coengagement suppresses CD4 expression. 
B) T cells randomly downregulate CD4 or CD8, and only cells that still bind the appropriate MHC will get a strong enough signal to survive. 
C) CD4 or CD8 expression is determined by the strength and duration of the TCR/MHC interaction. 
D) CD4 or CD8 expression is predestined in the bone marrow. 
E) Only ?? T cells express CD8. C

Question 2

T cells selected on a b haplotype thymus would be able to respond to antigen presenting on which of the following haplotype antigen presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) a x b 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) a 
B) b 
C) a x b 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. D

Question 3

Which item listed below is NOT likely an application of regulatory T-cells that suppresses immune responses?

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibition of such cells before immunization may enhance responses to vaccines. 
B) Elimination of such cells that suppress responses to tumor antigens may enhance antitumor immunity. 
C) Increasing the activity of such cells could be useful in autoimmune treatments. 
D) Increasing the activity of such cells could be useful in suppressing organ rejections. 
E) All the answers are potential applications. 
A) Inhibition of such cells before immunization may enhance responses to vaccines. 
B) Elimination of such cells that suppress responses to tumor antigens may enhance antitumor immunity. 
C) Increasing the activity of such cells could be useful in autoimmune treatments. 
D) Increasing the activity of such cells could be useful in suppressing organ rejections. 
E) All the answers are potential applications. E

Question 4

As a thymus-settling progenitor enters the thymus, which molecule appears to heavily influence the progenitor to commit to T-cell development?

Accepted Answer

The level of expression of Notch recepto

Question 5

Compare and contrast the affinity hypothesis and altered peptide hypothesis to explain the thymic selection paradox (why we don't negatively select all cells that we positively select).

Accepted Answer

The affinity hypothesis states that the

Question 6

In negative selection, cells that receive _____ signal through their antigen receptors die.

Accepted Answer

A) a weak 
B) a strong 
C) an intermediate 
D) no 
E) intermittent 
A) a weak 
B) a strong 
C) an intermediate 
D) no 
E) intermittent

Question 7

At first glance, the logic of positive selection appears to be lacking.Predict what might happen in the absence of positive thymic selection.

Accepted Answer

Without positive selection, the body wou

Question 8

Superantigens differ from regular peptide antigens because they

Accepted Answer

A) bind outside the peptide-binding groove. 
B) activate a larger proportion of T cells. 
C) interact with the V ? domain of the TCR. 
D) can result in toxic shock. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) bind outside the peptide-binding groove. 
B) activate a larger proportion of T cells. 
C) interact with the V ? domain of the TCR. 
D) can result in toxic shock. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Signaling through the pre-TCR results in

Accepted Answer

A) maturation to the DN4 stage. 
B) suppression of TCR - ? chain rearrangement. 
C) cessation of proliferation. 
D) TCR - ? chain rearrangement. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) maturation to the DN4 stage. 
B) suppression of TCR - ? chain rearrangement. 
C) cessation of proliferation. 
D) TCR - ? chain rearrangement. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules would double-negative T cells fail to express?

Accepted Answer

A) CD3 
B) CD4 
C) MHC class I 
D) TAP 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) CD3 
B) CD4 
C) MHC class I 
D) TAP 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

In a brief statement, can you explain how transcription factors play a role in T-cell lineage commitment?

Accepted Answer

Th-POK and Runx3 play important roles in

Question 12

The affinity model can help explain the thymic selection paradox.What is the paradox, and is the affinity model the only way the paradox can be explained?

Accepted Answer

The paradox is if positive selection all

Question 13

Explain why T cells are more likely to develop into αβ T cells than γδ T cells.

Accepted Answer

Because, once a cell successfu

Question 14

What term BEST describes a selection process against those cells whose T-cell receptors bind too strongly to self-peptide/MHC combinations?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive selection 
B) Negative selection 
C) Lineage commitment 
D) Hematopoietic commitment to the T-cell lineage 
E) None of the above is correct. 
A) Positive selection 
B) Negative selection 
C) Lineage commitment 
D) Hematopoietic commitment to the T-cell lineage 
E) None of the above is correct.

Question 15

T cells are three times more likely to become TCR- αβ cells versus TCR- γδ cells.Why is this the case considering T-cell development mechanisms within the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Commitment to becoming a TCR- αβ cell re

Question 16

A classmate in your immunology course fails to see the importance of discovering AIRE.Can you convince him of the importance of AIRE in understanding T-cell tolerance?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of AIRE helped us better u

Question 17

Committed lymphocyte progenitors originate in the

Accepted Answer

A) thymus. 
B) bone marrow. 
C) spleen. 
D) lymph node. 
E) brain. 
A) thymus. 
B) bone marrow. 
C) spleen. 
D) lymph node. 
E) brain.

Question 18

Hematopoietic stem cells cultured in the presence of which receptor differentiate into T cells rather than B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4 
B) CD8 
C) Notch ligand 
D) B7-1 
E) CD3 
A) CD4 
B) CD8 
C) Notch ligand 
D) B7-1 
E) CD3

Question 19

Which transcription factor is characteristic of TREG cells?

Accepted Answer

A) AP-1 
B) NFAT 
C) NF ? B 
D) OCT-1 
E) FoxP3 
A) AP-1 
B) NFAT 
C) NF ? B 
D) OCT-1 
E) FoxP3

Question 20

MHCa mice that are irradiated and reconstituted with MHCa x b bone marrow would accept grafts from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

A) MHCa 
B) MHCb 
C) MHCa x b 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) MHCa 
B) MHCb 
C) MHCa x b 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

What is currently the BEST explanation for what determines whether a T cell develops into a CD8⁺ T cell or a CD4⁺ T cell?

T cells selected on a b haplotype thymus would be able to respond to antigen presenting on which of the following haplotype antigen presenting cells?

Which item listed below is NOT likely an application of regulatory T-cells that suppresses immune responses?

As a thymus-settling progenitor enters the thymus, which molecule appears to heavily influence the progenitor to commit to T-cell development?

Compare and contrast the affinity hypothesis and altered peptide hypothesis to explain the thymic selection paradox (why we don't negatively select all cells that we positively select).

In negative selection, cells that receive _____ signal through their antigen receptors die.

At first glance, the logic of positive selection appears to be lacking.Predict what might happen in the absence of positive thymic selection.

Superantigens differ from regular peptide antigens because they

Signaling through the pre-TCR results in

Which of the following molecules would double-negative T cells fail to express?

In a brief statement, can you explain how transcription factors play a role in T-cell lineage commitment?

The affinity model can help explain the thymic selection paradox.What is the paradox, and is the affinity model the only way the paradox can be explained?

Explain why T cells are more likely to develop into αβ T cells than γδ T cells.

What term BEST describes a selection process against those cells whose T-cell receptors bind too strongly to self-peptide/MHC combinations?

T cells are three times more likely to become TCR- αβ cells versus TCR- γδ cells.Why is this the case considering T-cell development mechanisms within the thymus?

A classmate in your immunology course fails to see the importance of discovering AIRE.Can you convince him of the importance of AIRE in understanding T-cell tolerance?

Committed lymphocyte progenitors originate in the

Hematopoietic stem cells cultured in the presence of which receptor differentiate into T cells rather than B cells?

Which transcription factor is characteristic of T_REG cells?

MHC^a mice that are irradiated and reconstituted with MHC^a ^x^b bone marrow would accept grafts from which of the following donors?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 8: T-Cell Development

What is currently the BEST explanation for what determines whether a T cell develops into a CD8+ T cell or a CD4+ T cell?

T cells selected on a b haplotype thymus would be able to respond to antigen presenting on which of the following haplotype antigen presenting cells?

Which item listed below is NOT likely an application of regulatory T-cells that suppresses immune responses?

As a thymus-settling progenitor enters the thymus, which molecule appears to heavily influence the progenitor to commit to T-cell development?

Compare and contrast the affinity hypothesis and altered peptide hypothesis to explain the thymic selection paradox (why we don't negatively select all cells that we positively select).

In negative selection, cells that receive _____ signal through their antigen receptors die.

At first glance, the logic of positive selection appears to be lacking.Predict what might happen in the absence of positive thymic selection.

Superantigens differ from regular peptide antigens because they

Signaling through the pre-TCR results in

Which of the following molecules would double-negative T cells fail to express?

In a brief statement, can you explain how transcription factors play a role in T-cell lineage commitment?

The affinity model can help explain the thymic selection paradox.What is the paradox, and is the affinity model the only way the paradox can be explained?

Explain why T cells are more likely to develop into αβ T cells than γδ T cells.

What term BEST describes a selection process against those cells whose T-cell receptors bind too strongly to self-peptide/MHC combinations?

T cells are three times more likely to become TCR- αβ cells versus TCR- γδ cells.Why is this the case considering T-cell development mechanisms within the thymus?

A classmate in your immunology course fails to see the importance of discovering AIRE.Can you convince him of the importance of AIRE in understanding T-cell tolerance?

Committed lymphocyte progenitors originate in the

Hematopoietic stem cells cultured in the presence of which receptor differentiate into T cells rather than B cells?

Which transcription factor is characteristic of TREG cells?

MHCa mice that are irradiated and reconstituted with MHCa x b bone marrow would accept grafts from which of the following donors?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

What is currently the BEST explanation for what determines whether a T cell develops into a CD8⁺ T cell or a CD4⁺ T cell?

Which transcription factor is characteristic of T_REG cells?

MHC^a mice that are irradiated and reconstituted with MHC^a ^x^b bone marrow would accept grafts from which of the following donors?