Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a response to H.influenza infection?

Accepted Answer

A) NK cells 
B) Type I IFNs 
C) TLR pathways 
D) Mast cells 
E) Alarmins 
A) NK cells 
B) Type I IFNs 
C) TLR pathways 
D) Mast cells 
E) Alarmins D

Question 2

Which of the following diseases would be the BEST candidate for an intranasal vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A) Norovirus 
B) Malaria 
C) S.aureus 
D) Leishmania 
E) Parainfluenza 
A) Norovirus 
B) Malaria 
C) S.aureus 
D) Leishmania 
E) Parainfluenza E

Question 3

Retinoic acid is

Accepted Answer

A) a metabolite of vitamin 
B) used to kill pathogens in the gut. 
C) released to produce a tolerogenic response. 
D) both a metabolite of vitamin A and used to kill pathogens in the gut. 
E) both a metabolite of vitamin A and released to produce a tolerogenic response. 
A) a metabolite of vitamin 
B) used to kill pathogens in the gut. 
C) released to produce a tolerogenic response. 
D) both a metabolite of vitamin A and used to kill pathogens in the gut. 
E) both a metabolite of vitamin A and released to produce a tolerogenic response. E

Question 4

Provide two examples of commensal organisms providing protection against harmful pathogens.

Accepted Answer

S.epidermidis, a commensal microbe on th

Question 5

Which of the following pathogens invades epithelial cells directly?

Accepted Answer

A) Trichinella 
B) Salmonella typhimurium 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Lactobacillus 
E) None of the answers directly invades epithelial cells. 
A) Trichinella 
B) Salmonella typhimurium 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Lactobacillus 
E) None of the answers directly invades epithelial cells.

Question 6

You are an immunologist studying cytokine levels in the gut.Compared to a healthy control, the patient you are studying has the changes listed in the following table.Describe the clinical symptoms that could have contributed to this profile.
 $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { TGF- } \beta & \text { IL- } 10 & \text { IgA } & \text { IgE } \
\hline 10 \% \text { of control } & 15 \% \text { of control } & 10 \% \text { of control } & 200 \% \text { of control } \
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

This patient has lower levels of tolerog

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding microfold (M) cells and goblet cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Only M cells can transport antigens. 
B) Only goblet cells can transport antigens. 
C) Both M cells and goblet cells move antigens by transcytosis. 
D) Neither M cells nor goblet cells move antigens by transcytosis. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) Only M cells can transport antigens. 
B) Only goblet cells can transport antigens. 
C) Both M cells and goblet cells move antigens by transcytosis. 
D) Neither M cells nor goblet cells move antigens by transcytosis. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is a tolerogenic cytokine?

Accepted Answer

A) TGF- ? 
B) IL-1 
C) IL-10 
D) Both TGF- ? and IL-1 
E) Both TGF- ? and IL-10 
A) TGF- ? 
B) IL-1 
C) IL-10 
D) Both TGF- ? and IL-1 
E) Both TGF- ? and IL-10

Question 9

Provide three benefits of the microbiome inside of our bodies.Explain their significance.

Accepted Answer

Producing needed sub

Question 10

What is the meaning of the gut epithelial cells being "polarized"?

Accepted Answer

A) They have distinct apical and basolateral sides. 
B) They have many tight junctions. 
C) They store positive and negative ions in vesicles. 
D) They contain deposits of metals. 
E) They diffract wavelengths of light. 
A) They have distinct apical and basolateral sides. 
B) They have many tight junctions. 
C) They store positive and negative ions in vesicles. 
D) They contain deposits of metals. 
E) They diffract wavelengths of light.

Question 11

Which two antibody classes are MOST critical to the maintenance of gut immunity and appropriate tolerance? Explain their significance.

Accepted Answer

IgA and IgE.IgA is effective at being br

Question 12

Compare and contrast the barrier layers in both the gut and the lungs.

Accepted Answer

Both the lungs and the gut are in contac

Question 13

Which part of our body is the BEST example of a barrier organ?

Accepted Answer

A) Skin 
B) Liver 
C) Kidneys 
D) Lungs 
E) Spleen 
A) Skin 
B) Liver 
C) Kidneys 
D) Lungs 
E) Spleen

Question 14

MOST immune cells in the gut can be found in the

Accepted Answer

A) mucosa. 
B) submucosa. 
C) lamina propria. 
D) villi. 
E) crypts. 
A) mucosa. 
B) submucosa. 
C) lamina propria. 
D) villi. 
E) crypts.

Question 15

What is an enterocyte, and what function does it serve within the immune system? In your response, provide an example of one mechanism that prevents it from reacting to harmless commensal organisms.

Accepted Answer

Enterocytes are the most common cell typ

Question 16

When pathogenic microbes invade barrier tissues (such as the lungs or gut), which cytokines are released in response? Explain the effect the cytokines have on the immune response.

Accepted Answer

Invasion by a small pathogen will trigge

Question 17

There are antibodies present in the gut lumen, despite being produced in the lamina propria (on the other side of the epithelial layer).How is this possible? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are released into the gut thr

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

A) NOD2 mutations. 
B) Low tryptophan levels. 
C) CARD9 mutations. 
D) Increased levels of IL-23. 
E) All of the answers are risk factors. 
A) NOD2 mutations. 
B) Low tryptophan levels. 
C) CARD9 mutations. 
D) Increased levels of IL-23. 
E) All of the answers are risk factors.

Question 19

Compared to the small intestine, the microbiome in the large intestine is

Accepted Answer

A) identical. 
B) less diverse and larger. 
C) less diverse and smaller. 
D) more diverse and larger. 
E) more diverse but equivalent in size. 
A) identical. 
B) less diverse and larger. 
C) less diverse and smaller. 
D) more diverse and larger. 
E) more diverse but equivalent in size.

Question 20

Which of the following is the name for specialized skin epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Enterocyte 
B) Keratinocyte 
C) Langerhans cell 
D) Paneth cell 
E) Goblet cell 
A) Enterocyte 
B) Keratinocyte 
C) Langerhans cell 
D) Paneth cell 
E) Goblet cell

Which of the following is NOT a response to H.influenza infection?

Which of the following diseases would be the BEST candidate for an intranasal vaccine?

Retinoic acid is

Provide two examples of commensal organisms providing protection against harmful pathogens.

Which of the following pathogens invades epithelial cells directly?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding microfold (M) cells and goblet cells?

Which of the following is a tolerogenic cytokine?

Provide three benefits of the microbiome inside of our bodies.Explain their significance.

What is the meaning of the gut epithelial cells being "polarized"?

Which two antibody classes are MOST critical to the maintenance of gut immunity and appropriate tolerance? Explain their significance.

Compare and contrast the barrier layers in both the gut and the lungs.

Which part of our body is the BEST example of a barrier organ?

MOST immune cells in the gut can be found in the

What is an enterocyte, and what function does it serve within the immune system? In your response, provide an example of one mechanism that prevents it from reacting to harmless commensal organisms.

When pathogenic microbes invade barrier tissues (such as the lungs or gut), which cytokines are released in response? Explain the effect the cytokines have on the immune response.

There are antibodies present in the gut lumen, despite being produced in the lamina propria (on the other side of the epithelial layer).How is this possible? Explain.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?

Compared to the small intestine, the microbiome in the large intestine is

Which of the following is the name for specialized skin epithelial cells?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 13: Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

Which of the following is NOT a response to H.influenza infection?

Which of the following diseases would be the BEST candidate for an intranasal vaccine?

Retinoic acid is

Provide two examples of commensal organisms providing protection against harmful pathogens.

Which of the following pathogens invades epithelial cells directly?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding microfold (M) cells and goblet cells?

Which of the following is a tolerogenic cytokine?

Provide three benefits of the microbiome inside of our bodies.Explain their significance.

What is the meaning of the gut epithelial cells being "polarized"?

Which two antibody classes are MOST critical to the maintenance of gut immunity and appropriate tolerance? Explain their significance.

Compare and contrast the barrier layers in both the gut and the lungs.

Which part of our body is the BEST example of a barrier organ?

MOST immune cells in the gut can be found in the

What is an enterocyte, and what function does it serve within the immune system? In your response, provide an example of one mechanism that prevents it from reacting to harmless commensal organisms.

When pathogenic microbes invade barrier tissues (such as the lungs or gut), which cytokines are released in response? Explain the effect the cytokines have on the immune response.

There are antibodies present in the gut lumen, despite being produced in the lamina propria (on the other side of the epithelial layer).How is this possible? Explain.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?

Compared to the small intestine, the microbiome in the large intestine is

Which of the following is the name for specialized skin epithelial cells?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters