Question 1

Which of the following facilitates dissociation of both the C4b2a and C3bBb C3 convertases?

Accepted Answer

A) DAF (CD55) 
B) Properdin 
C) Factor H 
D) Factor I 
E) MCP (CD46) 
A) DAF (CD55) 
B) Properdin 
C) Factor H 
D) Factor I 
E) MCP (CD46) A

Question 2

On a holistic scale, the complement system plays a role in

Accepted Answer

A) specific pathogen defenses. 
B) nonspecific pathogen defenses. 
C) both specific and nonspecific pathogen defenses. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) specific pathogen defenses. 
B) nonspecific pathogen defenses. 
C) both specific and nonspecific pathogen defenses. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct. C

Question 3

Can you imagine how a blood-borne bacterial pathogen might activate all three arms of the complement system? How can this occur?

Accepted Answer

Yes.The classical pathway can be activated by antibodies produced in response to the bacterial pathogen, or by previously synthesized circulating antibodies.The lectin pathway can be activated via recognition of lectins by MBL.The alternative pathway can be activated via circulating properdin acting as a PRR.

Question 4

Initially the complement system was characterized by its capacity to covert antibody binding into pathogen lysis.Does the discovery of MAC-mediated lysis align with the evolutionary history of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

No, it does not.Studies of complement ev

Question 5

Which of the following acts as a protease that is required to generate the alternative pathway C3 convertase?

Accepted Answer

A) C2 
B) C3 
C) Factor B 
D) Factor D 
E) C4 
A) C2 
B) C3 
C) Factor B 
D) Factor D 
E) C4

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about the C5 convertase?

Accepted Answer

A) C5 convertase can consist of the membrane-bound components C3b2Bb. 
B) C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b, with the b chain attached to the pathogen surface and the ? chain dissociating away to serve as a potent proinflammatory chemotactic factor 
C) C5 convertase is an important player in the production of the MAC. 
D) All of the answers are true. 
E) None of the answers are true. 
A) C5 convertase can consist of the membrane-bound components C3b2Bb. 
B) C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b, with the b chain attached to the pathogen surface and the ? chain dissociating away to serve as a potent proinflammatory chemotactic factor 
C) C5 convertase is an important player in the production of the MAC. 
D) All of the answers are true. 
E) None of the answers are true.

Question 7

Which of the following BEST explains the timing of the classical pathway of complement fixation, relative to the other pathways of complement fixation, against a pathogen in an individual who has never been exposed to said pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A) No target for C1qrs exists on the surface of the pathogen in the earliest stages of the response to it. 
B) The chemical environment of the pathogen's surface favors the spontaneous activation of soluble C3 immediately upon exposure to the pathogen. 
C) C1qrs immediately recognizes carbohydrate antigens on the surface of the pathogen, allowing for rapid formation of the C4b2a C3 convertase. 
D) The pathogen expresses one or more factors on its surface that act as negative regulators of C3 convertase formation. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) No target for C1qrs exists on the surface of the pathogen in the earliest stages of the response to it. 
B) The chemical environment of the pathogen's surface favors the spontaneous activation of soluble C3 immediately upon exposure to the pathogen. 
C) C1qrs immediately recognizes carbohydrate antigens on the surface of the pathogen, allowing for rapid formation of the C4b2a C3 convertase. 
D) The pathogen expresses one or more factors on its surface that act as negative regulators of C3 convertase formation. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

In considering the following list of molecules, which can act as a bridge to connect complement labeled pathogens to effector immune cells?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) C1 
C) C1R 
D) C3aR 
E) Both C1R and C3aR are correct. 
A) IgM 
B) C1 
C) C1R 
D) C3aR 
E) Both C1R and C3aR are correct.

Question 9

Addition of which of the following components to any C3 convertase leads to the formation of the C5 convertase?

Accepted Answer

A) C3b 
B) C2a 
C) C4b 
D) C5b 
E) C3a 
A) C3b 
B) C2a 
C) C4b 
D) C5b 
E) C3a

Question 10

Which of the following, when activated, utilizes its "a" component instead of the "b" component in the formation of the C3 convertase?

Accepted Answer

A) C2 
B) C3 
C) Factor B 
D) Factor D 
E) C4 
A) C2 
B) C3 
C) Factor B 
D) Factor D 
E) C4

Question 11

To which of the following is MBL MOST structurally similar?

Accepted Answer

A) C3b 
B) C1q 
C) Bb 
D) C5b 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) C3b 
B) C1q 
C) Bb 
D) C5b 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Which form of IgM is MOST readily recognized by C1q?

Accepted Answer

A) Monomeric IgM 
B) Planar pentameric IgM 
C) "Staple-form" pentameric IgM 
D) All of the answers are recognized equally by C1q. 
E) None of the answers are recognized by C1q. 
A) Monomeric IgM 
B) Planar pentameric IgM 
C) "Staple-form" pentameric IgM 
D) All of the answers are recognized equally by C1q. 
E) None of the answers are recognized by C1q.

Question 13

The MAC consists of a multimeric complex of which of the following proteins that, by their association, forms a pore in the surface of the attacked cell?

Accepted Answer

A) C3b 
B) C5b 
C) C6 
D) C9 
E) C4b 
A) C3b 
B) C5b 
C) C6 
D) C9 
E) C4b

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an effect of C3a and C5a binding their receptors on leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased vascular permeability via induction of TNF- ? and IL-6 secretion 
B) Induction of degranulation by granulocytes 
C) Increased smooth muscle contraction to aid in delivering immune cells and molecules to the site of infection 
D) All of the answers are effects of C3a and C5a binding their receptors. 
E) None of the answers are effects of C3a and C5a binding their receptors. 
A) Increased vascular permeability via induction of TNF- ? and IL-6 secretion 
B) Induction of degranulation by granulocytes 
C) Increased smooth muscle contraction to aid in delivering immune cells and molecules to the site of infection 
D) All of the answers are effects of C3a and C5a binding their receptors. 
E) None of the answers are effects of C3a and C5a binding their receptors.

Question 15

During an immune response, host damage from complement is generally limited to the area in which complement is activated.Explain one property of complement proteins that contribute to this observation.

Accepted Answer

Activated complement proteins

Question 16

Based on your knowledge of complement activation pathways, predict which group of pathogens would be MOST susceptible to lysis by MACs.

Accepted Answer

A) Gram-negative pathogens 
B) Eukaryotic pathogens 
C) Enveloped viruses 
D) Gram-positive pathogens 
E) Gram-negative pathogens and enveloped viruses are equally susceptible. 
A) Gram-negative pathogens 
B) Eukaryotic pathogens 
C) Enveloped viruses 
D) Gram-positive pathogens 
E) Gram-negative pathogens and enveloped viruses are equally susceptible.

Question 17

Which of the following regulates complement function by directly inhibiting formation of the MAC?

Accepted Answer

A) Protectin (CD59) 
B) Factor I 
C) DAF (CD55) 
D) C1INH 
E) Factor H 
A) Protectin (CD59) 
B) Factor I 
C) DAF (CD55) 
D) C1INH 
E) Factor H

Question 18

Which of the following is capable of initiating the alternative pathway of complement fixation by directly binding to the surfaces of certain cell types?

Accepted Answer

A) DAF (CD55) 
B) Properdin 
C) Factor H 
D) Factor I 
E) MCP (CD46) 
A) DAF (CD55) 
B) Properdin 
C) Factor H 
D) Factor I 
E) MCP (CD46)

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the binding of C5b to the pathogen surface?

Accepted Answer

A) C5b binds to the pathogen surface the same way C4b and C3b do. 
B) C5b requires C6 binding to stabilize it before it dissociates away. 
C) C5b, when complexed to C6 and C7, is capable of forming the MAC on any cell membrane, pathogen, or host. 
D) C5b both requires C6 binding to stabilize it before it dissociates away and, when complexed to C6 and C7, is capable of forming the MAC on any cell membrane, pathogen, or host. 
E) All of the answers are true. 
A) C5b binds to the pathogen surface the same way C4b and C3b do. 
B) C5b requires C6 binding to stabilize it before it dissociates away. 
C) C5b, when complexed to C6 and C7, is capable of forming the MAC on any cell membrane, pathogen, or host. 
D) C5b both requires C6 binding to stabilize it before it dissociates away and, when complexed to C6 and C7, is capable of forming the MAC on any cell membrane, pathogen, or host. 
E) All of the answers are true.

Question 20

Which of the following, when activated itself, acts as a protease that converts soluble C3 into C3a and C3b in the alternative pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) C2 
B) C3 
C) Factor B 
D) Factor D 
E) C4 
A) C2 
B) C3 
C) Factor B 
D) Factor D 
E) C4

Which of the following facilitates dissociation of both the C4b2a and C3bBb C3 convertases?

On a holistic scale, the complement system plays a role in

Can you imagine how a blood-borne bacterial pathogen might activate all three arms of the complement system? How can this occur?

Initially the complement system was characterized by its capacity to covert antibody binding into pathogen lysis.Does the discovery of MAC-mediated lysis align with the evolutionary history of the complement system?

Which of the following acts as a protease that is required to generate the alternative pathway C3 convertase?

Which of the following is TRUE about the C5 convertase?

Which of the following BEST explains the timing of the classical pathway of complement fixation, relative to the other pathways of complement fixation, against a pathogen in an individual who has never been exposed to said pathogen?

In considering the following list of molecules, which can act as a bridge to connect complement labeled pathogens to effector immune cells?

Addition of which of the following components to any C3 convertase leads to the formation of the C5 convertase?

Which of the following, when activated, utilizes its "a" component instead of the "b" component in the formation of the C3 convertase?

To which of the following is MBL MOST structurally similar?

Which form of IgM is MOST readily recognized by C1q?

The MAC consists of a multimeric complex of which of the following proteins that, by their association, forms a pore in the surface of the attacked cell?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of C3a and C5a binding their receptors on leukocytes?

During an immune response, host damage from complement is generally limited to the area in which complement is activated.Explain one property of complement proteins that contribute to this observation.

Based on your knowledge of complement activation pathways, predict which group of pathogens would be MOST susceptible to lysis by MACs.

Which of the following regulates complement function by directly inhibiting formation of the MAC?

Which of the following is capable of initiating the alternative pathway of complement fixation by directly binding to the surfaces of certain cell types?

Which of the following is TRUE about the binding of C5b to the pathogen surface?

Which of the following, when activated itself, acts as a protease that converts soluble C3 into C3a and C3b in the alternative pathway?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 5: The Complement System

Which of the following facilitates dissociation of both the C4b2a and C3bBb C3 convertases?

On a holistic scale, the complement system plays a role in

Can you imagine how a blood-borne bacterial pathogen might activate all three arms of the complement system? How can this occur?

Initially the complement system was characterized by its capacity to covert antibody binding into pathogen lysis.Does the discovery of MAC-mediated lysis align with the evolutionary history of the complement system?

Which of the following acts as a protease that is required to generate the alternative pathway C3 convertase?

Which of the following is TRUE about the C5 convertase?

Which of the following BEST explains the timing of the classical pathway of complement fixation, relative to the other pathways of complement fixation, against a pathogen in an individual who has never been exposed to said pathogen?

In considering the following list of molecules, which can act as a bridge to connect complement labeled pathogens to effector immune cells?

Addition of which of the following components to any C3 convertase leads to the formation of the C5 convertase?

Which of the following, when activated, utilizes its "a" component instead of the "b" component in the formation of the C3 convertase?

To which of the following is MBL MOST structurally similar?

Which form of IgM is MOST readily recognized by C1q?

The MAC consists of a multimeric complex of which of the following proteins that, by their association, forms a pore in the surface of the attacked cell?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of C3a and C5a binding their receptors on leukocytes?

During an immune response, host damage from complement is generally limited to the area in which complement is activated.Explain one property of complement proteins that contribute to this observation.

Based on your knowledge of complement activation pathways, predict which group of pathogens would be MOST susceptible to lysis by MACs.

Which of the following regulates complement function by directly inhibiting formation of the MAC?

Which of the following is capable of initiating the alternative pathway of complement fixation by directly binding to the surfaces of certain cell types?

Which of the following is TRUE about the binding of C5b to the pathogen surface?

Which of the following, when activated itself, acts as a protease that converts soluble C3 into C3a and C3b in the alternative pathway?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters