Exam 5: Learning and Creativity

Organizational learning involves instilling all members of an organization with a desire to find new ways to improve its effectiveness.

Operant conditioning is the lessening of undesired behavior by removing the source of reinforcement.

Employees who are paid $20 for every four coats they sew are being reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule.

A professor instates a new classroom policy: For every five minutes a student is late, five points will be deducted from their participation grade for that day. The day after the policy is put into effect, three of the five students typically late come to class early. The MOST LIKELY reason for this change is the professor's use of a ________.

An employer offers a $5.00 bonus to every employee who arrives at work early every day in a given week. This is an example of a ________.

Punishment increases the probability of desired behavior.

How much learning occurs vicariously within organizations?

When autonomy is low in the organization, creativity is unlikely.

When learning vicariously, the learner is NOT required to ________.

Psychologist B. F. Skinner was fascinated by how much the power of luck influenced behavior.

When a company successfully manufactures and markets a new product, it is engaged in ________.

The creative process rarely entails sequential learning steps; rather, it involves flashes of insight.

Specific rewards are positive reinforcers for a given employee if he or she is willing to perform desired behaviors to get them.

Pam King was initially anxious about learning a new procedure at work, but the anxiety disappeared when she realized she had also done the procedure several times when it was called a different name. Pam's self-efficacy was aided by ________.

________ is the reinforcement of successive and closer approximations to a desired behavior.

If reinforcement is curtailed, partially reinforced behaviors will taper off more quickly than continuously reinforced behaviors.

Researchers have shown that the number of enlistees for military special forces training can be substantially increased by having experienced members of the special forces unit speak to potential recruits about their own personal experiences and how they overcame personal doubts. This program is trying to increase self-efficacy through ________.

With a ________, a certain number of desired behaviors must occur before reinforcement is provided.

B. F. Skinner's operant conditioning approach describes how learning takes place through consequences.

Which is NOT an example of positive reinforcement?