Exam 7: Learning From Experience

According to the theory of operant conditioning, ____________________ refers to when a stimulus is removed after a response has occurred and this act decreases the likelihood of the response's occurring again.

When Peter was three years old, he was clawed very badly by the neighbor's cat.Today, Peter is afraid of all small animals, including rabbits and puppies.Peter's fear of all small animals illustrates the classical conditioning process referred to as:

A relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior that results from experience is called:

The Russian physiologist, ____________________, used dogs as research subjects in studies of digestion.

Research has shown that in order for an effective classical conditioning association to form, the conditioned stimulus should be present:

Tammy is just two years old.She recently touched her hand to a hot stove.The burn caused her a great deal of pain.Her mom is fairly sure that because of positive punishment, Tammy will be:

Sergei is a professional hockey player.He never knows for sure which one of his shots will score, but the more shots he takes the more likely he is to score a goal.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Sergei's shots at the goal are being reinforced based on a:

Mikey watched his twin brothers help their mom pick up all the toys in the playroom and put them away in the toy box.Their mom gave the twins their favorite snack because of their helpfulness.Mikey decided that he would also try to help Mom keep the playroom tidy.This is an example of:

Elsie's mail arrives at the same time every day.For two weeks, while Elsie was waiting for her tax refund, she kept looking out the window to see if the mail had arrived.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Elsie's behavior of "watching for the mail" was being reinforced based on a:

In classical conditioning, when an established conditioned stimulus is used to condition a second neutral stimulus, the process at work is:

Adam is attending a pot luck dinner, and there are dozens of different dishes available to eat.Adam may eat a lot because the wide variety of dishes will prevent:

Angelo loves to go for an aerobic workout every day after he is finished with work because he finds that the vigorous exercise eliminates any stress he is feeling.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Angelo's behavior is being influenced by the process referred to as:

Bernstein applied principles of classical conditioning to the study of taste aversion in young patients undergoing chemotherapy.The children were given some unusually flavored ice cream just before the chemotherapy.Later, the children showed an aversion to that flavor of ice cream.In this example of classical conditioning, the nausea following chemotherapy was:

In learning theory, vicarious reinforcement refers to when a behavioral response becomes ____________________ after an individual observes a model being rewarded for the same behavior.

At first, Tom's father cheered every time Tom swung the bat.He gradually required Tom to make good swings before cheering, and eventually only a hit got a cheer.Tom's father used:

People learn about the signaling properties of environmental events through the type of learning known as:

With operant conditioning, when a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement is in place, a response will only be reinforced after:

The natural tendency to imitate the behavior of significant others is called ____________________.

Nicolaus and Nellis used classical conditioning to develop a taste aversion in mongooses.They allowed the animals to eat eggs that had been laced with carboachol, which caused the animals to become ill.Later, the mongooses showed an aversion to eggs.In this example of classical conditioning, the stomach distress after eating the carboachol was:

With operant conditioning, any event or stimulus that decreases the frequency of the behavior it follows is referred to as: