Exam 7: Learning From Experience

You called the radio station and won a CD.You can't win again for 30 days.In your case, calling the radio station is controlled by a:

Nicolaus and Nellis used classical conditioning to develop a taste aversion in mongooses.They allowed the animals to eat eggs that had been laced with carboachol, which caused the animals to become ill.Later, the mongooses showed an aversion to eggs.In this example of classical conditioning, the taste of the eggs was:

You are watching a rat in a Skinner box, and every time a red light comes on, the rat presses the bar in the cage.However, when a green light comes on, the rat never presses the bar.In this case, it appears that the color of the light is acting as:

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments, before the dog learned the association, the food functioned as which of the following?

The winning numbers in the local lottery are announced every Wednesday, right after the local news broadcast.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that people who are listening for the lottery numbers will have their listening reinforced based on a:

If you wanted your best friend to spend less time talking about her boyfriend, you might try frowning every time she started talking about him.In the framework of operant conditioning, your frowning would be:

A cue that indicates a response is likely to produce some type of consequence is a:

In a(n) ____________________ schedule, a response will only be reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses have been made.

Compare and contrast the processes of reinforcement and punishment.

In learning theory, vicarious reinforcement is used to describe situations where a behavioral response becomes:

Barry watched his friend Vic come in late to one of their college classes.When the professor saw Vic come in late, he stopped lecturing and directed the entire class to look at him.By the end of the professor's tirade, Barry was certain that he would never be late to this professor's class.

In operant conditioning, a discriminative stimulus is:

Hugh works on an assembly line, and his foreman walks along the line every hour, on the hour, to check on how things are going.Hugh has learned to work especially hard in the few minutes just before his foreman arrives and while his foreman is watching.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Hugh's behavior of "working hard" is being reinforced on a:

By definition, learning is due to:

If a stimulus produces a response before training begins, that stimulus is:

According to the theory of operant conditioning, ____________________ refers to when a stimulus is removed after a response has occurred and this act increases the likelihood of the response's occurring again.

If the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same time, which type of conditioning is occurring?

During classical conditioning when a new stimulus adds no new information about the unconditioned stimulus so no new association forms, ____________________ has occurred.

In classical conditioning, an environmental event that elicits an observable reaction without any prior training is referred to as:

In operant conditioning, negative reinforcement occurs whenever: