Exam 7: Learning From Experience

When Lydia got her new dog, she would pet the dog and give him treats for staying close during walks.Now Lydia's dog stays right at her side all the time, even when he is not on a leash.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that for Lydia's dog, petting and receiving treats acted as:

In classical conditioning, stimulus discrimination occurs when:

Which of the following best fits the technical definition of learning?

Niko was hit by a line drive, and afterward he would duck whenever he heard the crack of a bat hitting a baseball.After hearing that sound many times without ever getting hit again by a ball, Niko no longer ducks at the sound of a hit.This is best explained by:

The preschool teachers have started reducing the amount of time children must spend cleaning the classroom when the class has behaved well the entire day.The teachers have started using which of the following as a way to increase the likelihood that children will behave well?

Breland and Breland tried to use shaping to train a pig and a raccoon to drop wooden coins into a bank.They found that:

People tend to eat more when there are a variety of different foods offered at a meal.This is because the wide variety prevents:

Mirror neurons may be involved in:

A shock is given shortly after a buzzer sounds, but not if the light is also flashing.A rat will act normally if the light and buzzer are presented, but it will freeze if only the buzzer is presented.This is an example of:

Marlene likes to get email, and she checks her electronic mailbox frequently.Sometimes she gets 15 messages in a single day, and sometimes several days can go by with no new messages coming in.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Marlene's behavior of "checking her email" is being reinforced based on a:

The law of effects states that:

What is meant by the term orienting response? Explain why orienting responses are adaptive.

Bernstein applied principles of classical conditioning to the study of taste aversion in young patients undergoing chemotherapy.The children were given some unusually flavored ice cream just before the chemotherapy.Later, the children showed an aversion to that flavor of ice cream.In this example of classical conditioning, the chemotherapy was:

A psychology professor has just purchased a collection of papers by Ivan Pavlov.In the papers, Pavlov discusses his research on learning.The papers are probably about:

Constance used to really enjoy playing softball on her school team, but last week she got hit in the head by a line drive, and since then she hasn't wanted to play softball.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that for Constance, being hit by a line drive acted as a:

Nicolaus and Nellis used classical conditioning to develop a taste aversion in mongooses.They allowed the animals to eat eggs that had been laced with carboachol, which caused the animals to become ill.Later, the mongooses showed an aversion to eggs.In this example of classical conditioning, the carboachol in the eggs was:

We rely on simple learning processes such as habituation responses to help:

By definition, learning is due to experience.

The birds that were eating at the bird feeder initially flew away when the shadow of Charlie's kite passed over the feeder.However, after Charlie had been flying the kite for 15 minutes, the birds had all returned and didn't stop feeding when the kite passed overhead.The birds' change in responsiveness illustrates the learning process known as:

Contrast the processes of operant and classical conditioning.For each, explain what it is that organisms learn.