Exam 7: Learning From Experience

Liza likes to play slot machines when she takes trips to Las Vegas.She never knows which quarter will cause a slot machine to "hit," but she also knows that the more times she plays, the more likely she is to hit a jackpot.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Liza's gambling is being reinforced based on a:

Which type of learning has occurred when we learn that one event predicts another?

Troy is trying to study, and his sister is in the next room, playing with some balloons.She counts "one, two, three," and just as she says "three" she pops one of the balloons with a pin.Each time a balloon pops Troy is startled and jumps.By the time his sister has popped six balloons Troy begins to cringe when he hears the counting start, before he actually hears the balloon pop.In this example of classical conditioning, the cringing that Troy experiences when he hears his sister start counting is:

With operant conditioning, when a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is in place a response will only be reinforced after:

If you wanted your best friend to spend more time talking about your interests, you might try smiling at her every time the conversation turned to your interests.In the framework of operant conditioning, your frowning would be:

In classical conditioning, the loss of responding that results from the repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus without an unconditioned stimulus is referred to as:

Specify the conditions that lead to effective modeling.Explain how observational learning is an adaptive process.

According to psychologists, an orienting response is:

Which form of learning helps us ignore those things that are repeated but are of no significant consequence?

Research suggests that if an individual doesn't directly imitate or model an action that he or she has seen performed by others, then the observation will not influence the way that person thinks.

A pigeon has learned that pecking a key when a red light is on is sometimes reinforced with access to food.The first time a green light is turned on, the pigeon begins to peck at the key.This illustrates the process of:

In classical conditioning, an observable reaction to an environmental event that is elicited without any prior training is referred to as:

The idea that during classical conditioning we learn that some events signal the occurrence of other events and we respond appropriately is known as the:

The recovery of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus is called ____________________.

Learning by watching the experience of others is known as:

With operant conditioning, if a response will only be reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses have been made, the type of reinforcement schedule that is in place is referred to as a:

Fixed-ratio schedules typically produce steady, consistent rates of responding.

In operant conditioning, the process of delivering reinforcement for successive approximations to a desired behavior is referred to as:

Your brother asks to borrow $20.You lend him the money and, in return, he offers to do your household chores for one week.If you typically dislike doing housework, then your behavior of lending money to your brother:

Broberg and Bernstein (1987) found that the likelihood children would develop taste aversions during chemotherapy could be reduced by giving the children: