Exam 7: Learning From Experience

Research conducted by Pavlov provided evidence for ____________________ as a form of learning.

In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement occurs whenever:

The law of effect was formulated by which of the following individuals?

Wayne was really irritated by his hockey jersey, and finally taped the right corner inside his hockey pants so it wouldn't get in the way of his slap shot.On his very next shift, he scored a goal on his first try.Now he tapes his jersey inside his hockey pants at the start of every game, and about 30% of his shots score goals.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Wayne's behavior best illustrates the concept known as:

A reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is delivered only some of the time when the response occurs is referred to as a:

Albert Bandura found that children would often imitate actions from a video in which an adult punched and kicked a large, inflatable doll.Based on what is known about learning, you should conclude that these children learned their aggressive actions through the process known as:

The boarding house Eve has been staying at seems to serve the same things over and over at dinner.Eve may not eat much because the repetition probably causes:

You are watching a pigeon pecking a key for food reinforcement.The pigeon pecks at a very high, steady rate, but it also takes breaks from pecking each time food is delivered.Based on what is known about the pattern of responding produced by various schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that the reinforcement schedule that is in place for this pigeon is a:

When we eat the same food a lot during a meal, the sensory stimulation is reduced by the food's repeated presentation and we stop eating.This is explained by the concept of:

Morgan watched Alex sneak into the neighbor's garden to steal some apples.Alex got the apples and really seemed to enjoy eating them.Based on what is known about learning, if Morgan later tries to sneak into the neighbor's garden for apples, you should conclude that his behavior has been strengthened through the process known as:

With operant conditioning, a(n) ____________________ schedule is one in which the reinforcement is delivered only some of the time after the response has occurred.

In classical conditioning, second-order conditioning occurs when:

The first time Shari ate strawberries she had a minor allergic reaction with some minor itchiness.Now, when she eats strawberries she breaks out in hives all over her arms and stomach.Shari's change in responsiveness illustrates the learning process known as:

If the conditioned stimulus is presented after the unconditioned stimulus, which type of conditioning is occurring?

Compare and contrast the processes of positive and negative punishment.Discuss some of the concerns that have been raised about the use of punishment as a method of modifying behavior.

Describe the three conditions necessary for the formation of a CS-US connection.

According to the law of effect, the successful responses tend to be repeated.

Bernstein applied principles of classical conditioning to the study of taste aversion in young patients undergoing chemotherapy.The children were given some unusually flavored ice cream just before the chemotherapy.Later, the children showed an aversion to that flavor of ice cream.In this example of classical conditioning, the flavor of the ice cream was:

Explain how habituation relates to eating behavior.What advice would you give a dieter, given the nature of the relationship you describe?

With variable-interval schedules, the rate of extinction tends to be slower than the rate of extinction on an equivalent fixed-interval schedule.